Phraseologie / Idiomatik
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This paper deals with a specific type of lexeme, namely binary preposition-noun combinations containing temporal references like am Ende [at (the) end] or für Sekunden [for seconds]. The main characteristic of these combinations is the recurrent internal zero gap. Despite the fact that the omission of the determiner can often be explained by grammatical rules, the zero gaps indicate a higher degree of lexicalization. Therefore, we interpret these expressions as minimal phraseological units with holistic meanings and functions. The corpusdriven exploration of typical context patterns (e.g. using collocation profiles and the lexpan slot filler analysis) shows that a) even such minimal expressions are based on semi-abstract schemes and b) temporal expressions can also fulfill modal or discursive functions, usually with fuzzy borders and overlapping structures. In the case of modalization or pragmatization one can regard such PNs as distinct lexicon entries.
This paper discusses a theoretical and empirical approach to language fixedness that we have developed at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) (‘Institute for German Language’) in Mannheim in the project Usuelle Worterbindungen(UWV) over the last decade. The analysis described is based on the Deutsches Referenzkorpus (‘German Reference Corpus’; DeReKo) which is located at the IDS. The corpus analysis tool used for accessing the corpus data is COSMAS II (CII) and – for statistical analysis – the IDS collocation analysis tool (Belica, 1995; CA). For detecting lexical patterns and describing their semantic and pragmatic nature we use the tool lexpan (or ‘Lexical Pattern Analyzer’) that was developed in our project. We discuss a new corpus-driven pattern dictionary that is relevant not only to the field of phraseology, but also to usage-based linguistics and lexicography as a whole.
This paper discusses new perspectives for a usage-based paremiology from a corpus-linguistic point of view. Using the example of proverb patterns, it shows different degrees of fixedness and proverb quality in German-English contrast. An interesting insight is that proverb similarities and differences can also be described by restrictions of semi-abstract schemes.
Die Analyse sprachlicher Massendaten zeigt, wie zentral mehr oder weniger feste Wortverbindungen als Lexikoneinheiten für die Sprachkompetenz sind. Der Beitrag geht zunächst kurz auf aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Phraseologie ein: eine Abkehr von der starken Betonung des Idiosynkratischen einerseits und die Hinwendung zum Vorgeprägten andererseits. Wir führen hierzu den Terminus‚ lexikalisch geprägte Muster‘ (LGM) ein. In einer Detailanalyse beschäftigen wir uns mit satzwertigen Wortverbindungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen ausgeprägter Lexikalisierung, die auf eine gesonderte kognitive Verankerung hindeutet, und der Konstitution abstrakter Spruchmuster als LGM-Subtyp. Im zweiten Teil zeigen wir, wie usuelle Wortverbindungen innerhalb von Phrasenkomposita zur Lexembildung beitragen.
Vorwort
(2018)