Korpuslinguistik
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The project Referenzkorpus Altdeutsch (‘Old German Reference Corpus’) aims to es- tablish a deeply-annotated text corpus of all extant Old German texts. As the automated part-of-speech and morphological pre-annotation is amended by hand, a quality control system for the results seems a desirable objective. To this end, standardized inflectional forms, generated using the morphological information, are compared with the attested word forms. Their creation is described by way of example for the Old High German part of the corpus. As is shown, in a few cases, some features of the attested word forms are also required in order to determine as exactly as possible the shape of the inflected lemma form to be created.
The availability of electronic corpora of historical stages of languages has been wel- comed as possibly attenuating the inherent problem of diachronic linguistics, i.e. that we only have access to what has chanced to come down to us - the problem which was memorably named by Labov (1992) as one of “Bad Data”. However, such corpora can only give us access to an increased amount ot historical material and this can essentially still only be a partial and possibly distorted picture of the actual language at a particular period of history. Corpora can be improved by taking a more representative sample of extant texts if these are available (as they are in significant number for periods after the invention of printing). But, as examples from the recently compiled GerManC corpus of seventeenth and eighteenth century German show, the evidence from such corpora can still fail to yield definitive answers to our questions about earlier stages of a language. The data still require expert interpretation, and it is important to be realistic about what can legitimately be expected from an electronic historical corpus.
Multi-faceted alignment. Toward automatic detection of textual similarity in Gospel-derived texts
(2015)
Ancient Germanic Bible-derived texts stand in as test material for producing computational means for automatically determining where textual contamination and linguistic interference have influenced the translation process. This paper reports on the results of research efforts that produced a text corpus; a method for decomposing the texts involved into smaller, more directly comparable thematically-related chunks; a database of relationships between these chunks; and a user-interface allowing for searches based on various referential criteria. Finally, the state of the product at the end of the project is discussed, namely as it was handed over to another researcher who has extended it to automatically find semantic and syntactic similarities within comparable chunks.
In this paper we present some preliminary considerations concerning the possibility of automatic parsing an annotated corpus for N-N compounds. This should in prin- ciple be possible at least for relational and stereotype compounds, if the lemmatization of the corpus connects the lemmata with lexical entries as described in Höhle (1982). These lexical entries then supply the necessary information about the argument structure of a relational noun or about the stereotypical purpose associated with the noun’s referent which can be used to establish a relation between the first and the head constituent of the compound.
The relative order of dative and accusative objects in older German is less free than it is today. The reason for this could be that speakers of the direct predecessor of Old High German organized the referents according to the Thematic Hierarchy. If one applies a Case Hierarchy Nom>Acc>Dat to this, the order Nom - Dat - Acc falls out. It becomes apparent that the status of the Thematic Hierarchy is not a factor governing underlying word order, but a factor inducing scrambling. Arguments from binding theory, whose validity is discussed, indicate that the underlying order is ‘accusative before dative’
GraphVar ist ein Korpus aus über 1.600 Abiturarbeiten, die zwischen 1917 und 2018 an einem niedersächsischen Gymnasium geschrieben wurden. Das Hauptinteresse beim Aufbau bestand in der Beschreibung graphematischer Variation und ihrer Entwicklung über die Zeit. Leitend war die Frage, was Schreiberinnen und Schreiber eigentlich tatsächlich machen bzw. gemacht haben – und zwar unbeeinflusst von technischen Hilfsmitteln oder Schluss- und Endredaktion, aber unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen. Das Korpus bietet somit ein Fenster auf den unverfälschten Schreibgebrauch von Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten im Laufe der Zeit. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt sind 1.618 Arbeiten transkribiert, linguistisch annotiert und über eine ANNIS-Instanz erreichbar (graphvar.unibonn.de, Stand: 8.8.2023). Im Sommer 2022 konnten weitere 1.600 Arbeiten zwischen 1900 und 2021 an einem Gymnasium in Nordrhein-Westfalen digitalisiert werden. Neben schriftlinguistischen Fragestellungen ist das Korpus prinzipiell auch für syntaktische, morphologische und lexikalische Fragestellungen geeignet; auch didaktische Untersuchungen sind möglich, genau wie kulturwissenschaftliche.
Für die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Schreibbeobachtung wurde das Orthografische Kernkorpus (OKK) als virtuelles Korpus in DeReKo entwickelt. Mit derzeit rund 14 Mrd. Token deckt es den Schriftsprachgebrauch in den deutschsprachigen Ländern im Zeitraum von 1995 bis in die Gegenwart ab. Der Zugriff über die Korpusanalyseplattform KorAP erlaubt nicht nur die Nutzung verschiedener Annotationen, sondern über die API-Schnittstellen auch die Einbindung in diverse Auswertungsumgebungen wie RStudio über den RKorAPClient und macht es so für zahlreiche Analyse- und Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten zugänglich.
The International Comparable Corpus (ICC) (Kirk/Čermáková 2017; Čermáková et al. 2021) is an open initiative which aims to improve the empirical basis for contrastive linguistics by compiling comparable corpora for many languages and making them as freely available as possible as well as providing tools with which they can easily be queried and analysed. In this contribution we present the first release of written language parts of the ICC which includes corpora for Chinese, Czech, English, German, Irish (partly), and Norwegian. Each of the released corpora contains 400k words distributed over 14 different text categories according to the ICC specifications. Our poster covers the design basics of the ICC, its TEI encoding, a demonstration of using the ICC via different query tools, and an outlook on future plans.
Similar to the European Reference Corpus EuReCo (Kupietz et al. 2020), ICC follows the approach of reusing existing linguistic resources wherever possible in order to cover as many languages as possible with realistic effort in as short a time as possible. In contrast to EuReCo, however, comparable corpus pairs are not defined dynamically in the usage phase, but the compositions of the corpora are fixed in the ICC design. The approaches are thus complementary in this respect. The design principles and composition of the ICC are based on those of the International Corpus of English (ICE) (Greenbaum (ed.) 1996), with the deviation that the ICC includes the additional text category blog post and excludes spoken legal texts (see Čermáková et al. 2021 for details). ICC’s fixed-design approach has the advantage that all single-language corpora in the ICC have the same composition with respect to the selected text types and that this guarantees that the selected broad spectrum of potential influencing variables for linguistic variation is always represented. The disadvantage, however, is that this can only be achieved for quite small corpora and that the generalisability of comparative findings based on the ICC corpora will often need to be checked on larger monolingual corpora or translation corpora (Čermáková/Ebeling/Oksefjell Ebeling forthcoming). Arguing that such issues with comparability and representativeness are inevitable, in one way or the other, and need to be dealt with, our poster will discuss and exemplify the text selections in more detail.
Das Austrian Media Corpus (amc) ist mit derzeit rund 11 Mrd. Token eines der größten deutschsprachigen Korpora journalistischer Prosa. Es bietet damit weitreichende Analysemöglichkeiten für eine Vielzahl sprachwissenschaftlicher Aspekte, wie z. B. die Analyse grammatischer, orthographischer und lexikalischer Variation oder die Erforschung diskurslinguistischer wie attitudinal-perzeptiver Fragestellungen. In diesem Beitrag geben wir Einblicke in Beispielanalysen zu Standard(schrift)sprache auf Basis des amc sowie deren Bedeutung für die Erforschung von Sprachvariation in Österreich, um das enorme Potenzial des Korpus für sprachwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen zu illustrieren.
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Prozesse der Datenerhebung, -aufbereitung und geplanten Veröffentlichung eines Teilkorpus des vom österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) finanzierten Spezialforschungsbereichs (SFB) „Deutsch in Österreich. Variation – Kontakt – Perzeption“ (FWF F060). Die Daten werden v. a. aus variationslinguistischer, kontaktlinguistischer wie auch perzeptionslinguistischer Perspektive analysiert, wofür eigene Tools entwickelt wurden, die – ebenso wie das Korpus selbst – mittelfristig der interessierten Öffentlichkeit zur Verfügung gestellt werden.