Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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Rejecting the validity of inferred attributions of incompetence in German talk-in-interaction
(2024)
This paper deals with pragmatic inference from the perspective of Conversation Analysis. In particular, we examine a specific variety of inferences - the attribution of incompetence which Self constructs on the basis of Other's prior action, hearable as positioning Self as incompetent (e.g., instructions, offers of assistance, advice); this attribution of incompetence concerns Self's execution of some practical task. This inference is indexed in Self's response, which highlights Self's expertise, or competence concerning the task at hand. We focus on two recurrent types of such responses in our data: (i) accounting for competence through formulations of prior experience with carrying out a practical action and (ii) explicit claims of competence for accomplishing this action. We analyze the interactional environments in which these responses occur, the ways in which the two practices index Self's understanding of being positioned as incompetent and the interactional work they do. Finally, we discuss how through rejecting and inferred attribution of incompetence, Self implicitly seeks to restore their face and defend their autonomy as an agent, yet, without entering an explicit identity-negotiation. Findings rest on the analysis of 20 cases found in video-recordings of naturally occurring talk-in-interaction in German from the corpus FOLK.
This paper investigates emergent pseudo-coordination in spoken German. In a corpus-based study, seven verbs in the first conjunct are analyzed regarding the degree of semantic bleaching and the development of subjective or aspectual meaning components. Moreover, it is shown that each verb shows distinct tendencies for co-ocurrences, especially with deictic adverbs in the first conjunct and with specific verbs and verb classes in the second conjunct. It is argued that pseudo-coordination is originally motivated by the need for ‘chunking’ in unplanned speech and that it is still prominently used in this function in German, in contrast to languages in which pseudo-coordination is grammaticalized further.
Both for psychology and linguistics, emotion concepts are a continuing challenge for analysis in several respects. In this contribution, we take up the language of emotion as an object of study from several angles. First, we consider how frame semantic analyses of this domain by the FrameNet project have been developing over time, due to theory-internal as well as application-oriented goals, towards ever more fine-grained distinctions and greater within-frame consistency. Second, we compare how FrameNet’s linguistically oriented analysis of lexical items in the emotion domain compares to the analysis by domain experts of the experiences that give rise (directly or indirectly) to the lexical items. And finally, we consider to what extent frame semantic analysis can capture phenomena such as connotation and inference about attitudes, which are important in the field of sentiment analysis and opinion mining, even if they do not involve the direct evocation of emotion.
In this paper, we analyze a dramatically aggravated conflict interaction taking place in the course of an association’s meeting in an urban community center. The interaction can be seen as the culmination point of a social conflict developing and increasing over a period of years. In this conflict, one of the crucial points of the sociocultural development in the city under study is to be seen in an exemplary way. Our analysis started with the question, why this conflict is unsolvable although the interest divergences of the opposing parties are not irreconcilable. Our analysis shows that the protagonists practice different communicative social styles. These stylistic differences however, are not the cause for misunderstandings, but the protagonists use stylistic differences and different cultural orientations as a resource for political action. Thereby a process of increasing hardening of perspective divergence emerges together with an interaction modality of drama and of the fundamental grounding of divergent views. Theoretically we are concerned with the explication of a sociolinguistic theory which includes as constitutive components the concepts of communicative social style, of perspectivation and of interaction modality. We want to show, that the analyzed type of sociocultural conflict can be explained by virtue of considering the interplay of features on these three levels.
We present evidence for the analysis of the vowels in English <say> and <so> as biphonemic diphthongs /ɛi/ and /əu/, based on neutralization patterns, regular alternations, and foot structure. /ɛi/ and /əu/ are hence structurally on a par with the so called “true diphthongs” /ɑi/, /ɐu/, /ɔi/, but also share prosodic organization with the monophthongs /i/ and /u/. The phonological evidence is supported by dynamic measurements based on the American English TIMIT database.
Calculations of F2-slopes proved to be especially suited to distinguish the relevant groups in accordance with their phonologically motivated prosodic organizations.
This paper deals with the creation of the first morphological treebank for German by merging two pre-existing linguistic databases. The first of these is the linguistic database CELEX which is a standard resource for German morphology. We build on its refurbished and modernized version. The second resource is GermaNet, a lexical-semantic network which also provides partial markup for compounds. We describe the state of the art and the essential characteristics of both databases and our latest revisions. As the merging involves two data sources with distinct annotation schemes, the derivation of the morphological trees for the unified resource is not trivial. We discuss how we overcome problems with the data and format, in particular how we deal with overlaps and complementary scopes. The resulting database comprises about 100,000 trees whose format can be chosen according to the requirements of the application at hand. In our discussion, we show some future directions for morphological treebanks. The Perl script for the generation of the data from the sources will be made publicly available on our website.
Our paper deals with the use of ICH WEIß NICHT (‘I don’t know’) in German talk-in-interaction. Pursuing an Interactional Linguistics approach, we identify different interactional uses of ICH WEIß NICHT and discuss their relationship to variation in argument structure (SV (O), (O)VS, V-only). After ICH WEIß NICHT with full complementation, speakers emphasize their lack of knowledge or display reluctance to answer. In contrast, after variants without an object complement, in contrast, speakers display uncertainty about the truth of the following proposition or about its sufficiency as an answer. Thus, while uses with both subject and object tend to close a sequence or display lack of knowledge, responses without an object, in contrast, function as a prepositioned epistemic hedge or a pragmatic marker framing the following TCU. When ICH WEIß NICHT is used in response to a statement, it indexes disagreement (independently from all complementation patterns).