Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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The transition between phases of activities is a practical problem which participants in an interaction have to deal with routinely. In meetings, the sequence of phases of activity is often outlined by a written agenda. However, transitions still have to be accomplished by local interactional work of the participants. In a detailed conversation analytic case study based on video-data, it is shown how participants collaboratively accomplish an emergent interactional state of affairs (a break-like activity) which differs widely from the state of affairs which was projected by awritten agenda (the next presentation), although in doing so, the participants still show their continuous orientation to the agenda. The paper argues that the reconstruction of emergent developments in interaction calls for a multimodal analysis of interaction, because the fine-grained multimodal co-ordination of bodily and verbal resources provides for opportunities of sequentially motivated, relevant next actions. These, however, can amount to emergent activity sequences, which may be at odds with the activity types which are projected by an interactional agenda or expected on behalf of some institutional routine.
Die deutsche Sprache ist im Jahr 2010 nicht nur das Thema einer Kampagne des Auswärtigen Amtes, in der das Deutsche zur Sprache der Ideen erklärt wird,ihr Wohlergehen scheint den Deutschen insgesamt am Herzen zu liegen. Das hat sich unter anderem bei einer Umfrage herausgestellt, die vom IDS für den Deutschen Sprachrat durchgeführt wurde. Nicht nur schätzen die Sprecher des Deutschen in der Mehrheit ihre Sprache, sie halten auch Sorgfalt beim Sprechen und Schreiben für erstrebenswert und finden, dass man mehr für die deutsche Sprache tun solle, vor allem die Schule stehe dabei in der Pflicht. Dass das Auswärtige Amt ein Jahr der deutschen Sprache mit dem Motto „Sprache der Ideen“ ausruft, passt gut in diesen Kontext. Immerhin hatten die Befragten unserer Umfrage neben den Schulen, wenn auch mit weitem Abstand, die Politik als eine Instanz genannt, die das ihre zu Erhalt und Förderung des Deutschen tun solle.
Am 27. und 28. November 2009 fand im Institut für Deutsche Sprache nach einigen bilateralen Treffen das 1. „Arbeitstreffen videobasierte Unterrichtsanalyse“ statt. Das Treffen brachte unter dem thematischen Fokus „Unterricht“ unterschiedliche Kompetenzen zusammen: Zum einen Wissenschaftler, die aus einer multimodalen Sicht auf Interaktion ein besonderes Interesse an Unterricht als einer gesellschaftlich außerordentlich wichtigen Kommunikationssituation haben, zum anderen Lehrer, die, als konkret im Unterricht Handelnde, ein Interesse an der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung ihres professionellen Verhaltens in diesem Handlungsfeld haben, wie auch Didaktiker, die aus ihrer Perspektive in der Lage sind, beide Seiten in reflektierter Weise zu verbinden und hinsichtlich ihrer Synergie zu befragen.
This article is concerned with the use of speech variation in a classroom in south-west Germany. It shows how a teacher uses dialect-standard variation as a resource for carrying out different tasks. An analysis of the variational practices of the teacher reveals two different code-alternating procedures with different functional scopes. On the one hand, the teacher uses code-shifting along a continuum of standard forms, especially to draw attention to relevant aspects of the instructional activities, and to guide participation in the unfolding discourse. On the other hand, she uses the context-cueing function of code-switching between standard and dialect, especially to locally manage the key of interaction (interaction modalities). It is shown that, for the teacher analysed, switching to dialect is a methodological resource which matches the intricate pedagogical tasks involved in the evaluation moves which follow pupils' 'troublesome' answers.
Within cognitive linguistics, there is an increasing awareness that the study of linguistic phenomena needs to be grounded in usage. Ideally, research in cognitive linguistics should be based on authentic language use, its results should be replicable, and its claims falsifiable. Consequently, more and more studies now turn to corpora as a source of data. While corpus-based methodologies have increased in sophistication, the use of corpus data is also associated with a number of unresolved problems. The study of cognition through off-line linguistic data is, arguably, indirect, even if such data fulfils desirable qualities such as being natural, representative and plentiful. Several topics in this context stand out as particularly pressing issues. This discussion note addresses (1) converging evidence from corpora and experimentation, (2) whether corpora mirror psychological reality, (3) the theoretical value of corpus linguistic studies of ‘alternations’, (4) the relation of corpus linguistics and grammaticality judgments, and, lastly, (5) the nature of explanations in cognitive corpus linguistics. We do not claim to resolve these issues nor to cover all possible angles; instead, we strongly encourage reactions and further discussion.
Computerlinguistik
(2010)
This paper represents a report on an e-tandem project conducted at Freiburg University (Germany) from the winter term 2009/2010 on. It started with a German-ltalian pilot course organised in cooperation with Pavia University (Italy). In order to promote autonomous language learning, the authors used several web-based applications, relying on Skype to enable full (i.e. visual, auditive) interaction between learning partners and on e-mails to let participants practise writing and reading in the respective foreign language. Additionally, participants were asked to compile a weekly electronic portfolio (EPOS) to record their improvements as well as their difficulties. In the paper, the structure of the pilot course will be described and a first balance will be drawn.
Die lexikographische Behandlung von Argumentstrukturvarianten in Valenz- und Lernerwörterbüchern
(2010)
In her overview, Margret Selting makes the case for the claim that dealing with authentic conversation necessarily lies at the heart of an interactionallinguistic approach to prosody (see Selting this volume, Section 3.3). However, collecting and transcribing corpora of authentic interaction is a time-consuming enterprise. This fact often severely restricts what the individual researcher is able to do in terms of analysis within the scope of his or her resources. Still, for dealing with many of the desiderata Margret Selting points out in Section 5 of her extensive overview, the use of larger corpora seems to be required. In this commenting paper, I want to argue that future progress in research on prosody in interaction will essentially rest on the availability and use of large public corpora. After reviewing arguments for and against the use of public corpora, I will discuss some upshots regarding corpus design and issues of transcription of public corpora.