Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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The research project “German Today” aims to determine the amount of regional variation in (near-)standard German spoken by young and older educated adults and to identify and locate regional features. To this end, we compile an areally extensive corpus of read and spontaneous German speech. Secondary school students and 50-to-60-year-old locals are recorded in 160 cities throughout the German speaking area of Europe. All participants read a number of short texts and a word list, name pictures, translate words and sentences from English, answer questions in a sociobiographic interview, and take part in a map task experiment. The resulting corpus comprises over 1000 hours of speech, which is transcribed orthographically. Automatically derived broad phonetic transcriptions, selective manual narrow phonetic transcriptions, and variationalist annotations are added. Focussing on phonetic variation we aim to show to what extent national or regional standards exist in spoken German. Furthermore, the linguistic variation due to different contextual styles (read vs. spontaneous speech) shall be analysed. Finally, the corpus enables us to investigate whether linguistic change has occurred in spoken (near-)standard German.
The research project “German Today” aims to determine the amount of regional variation in (near-) standard German spoken by young and older educated adults, and to identify and locate the regional features. To this end, an extensive corpus of read and spontaneous speech is currently being compiled. German is a so-called pluricentric language. With our corpus we aim to determine whether national or regional standards really exist. Furthermore, the linguistic variation due to different contextual styles (read vs. spontaneous speech) shall be analysed. Finally, the corpus will enable us to investigate whether linguistic change has occurred in the domain of the German standard language. The main focus of all research questions is on phonetic variation (lexical variation is only of minor interest). Read and spontaneous speech of four secondary school students (aged seventeen to twenty) and two fifty- to sixt-year-olds is recorded in 160 cities throughout the German-speaking area of Europe. All participants read a number of short texts and word lists, name pictures, translate from English, and take part in a sociobiographic interview and a map task experiment. The resulting corpus will comprise over 1000 hours of orthographically and (in part) phonetically transcribed speech.
Der Beitrag bearbeitet (professionelles) Handeln in Sitzungen des Gemeinderats einer kleinstädtischen Kommune in Südwestdeutschland. Die Analyse konzentriert sich auf einen längeren Redebeitrag, der kommunalpolitische Professionalität nicht im unauffälligen Vollzug zeigt, sondern Probleme einer Verwaltungsangestellten bei der lokal gebundenen Bearbeitung ihrer Aufgabe, eine Bekanntgabe zu machen. Die dabei produzierte Äußerungsstruktur zeigt Spuren einer Orientierungsirritation, die insbesondere zu Beginn des Redebeitrags als Konflikt zwischen der Arbeit an der Herstellung von Gemeinschaft und der Orientierung an der Aufgabe des Informierens fassbar wird.
The paper presents a study on the use of the complement-taking mental verb glauben (to believe) as a means to hedge utterances. One the basis of three large interview corpora, diatopic and diachronic differences in the particle-like use of first-person-forms (glaub(e)) are explored. By means of the results of the corpus analysis, the status of the ongoing grammaticalization process of glaub(e) as a modal particle is discussed.
"Standard language" is a contested concept, ideologically, empirically and theoretically. This is particularly true for a language such as German, where the standardization of the spoken language was based on the written standard and was established with respect to a communicative situation, i.e. public speech on stage (Bühnenaussprache), which most speakers never come across. As a consequence, the norms of the oral standard exhibit many features which are infrequent in the everyday speech even of educated speakers. This paper discusses ways to arrive at a more realistic conception of (spoken) standard German, which will be termed "standard usage". It must be founded on empirical observations of speakers linguistic choices in everyday situations. Arguments in favor of a corpus-based notion of standard have to consider sociolinguistic, political, and didactic concerns. We report on the design of a large study of linguistic variation conducted at the Institute for the German Language (project "Variation in Spoken German", Variation des gesprochenen Deutsch) with the aim of arriving at a representative picture of "standard usage" in contemporary German. It systematically takes into account both diatopic variation covering the multi-national space in which German an official language, and diastratic variation in terms of varying degrees of formality. Results of the study of phonetic and morphosyntactic variation are discussed. At least for German, a corpus-based notion of "standard usage" inevitably includes some degree of pluralism concerning areal variation, and it needs to do justice to register-based variation as well.
This article is concerned with the use of speech variation in a classroom in south-west Germany. It shows how a teacher uses dialect-standard variation as a resource for carrying out different tasks. An analysis of the variational practices of the teacher reveals two different code-alternating procedures with different functional scopes. On the one hand, the teacher uses code-shifting along a continuum of standard forms, especially to draw attention to relevant aspects of the instructional activities, and to guide participation in the unfolding discourse. On the other hand, she uses the context-cueing function of code-switching between standard and dialect, especially to locally manage the key of interaction (interaction modalities). It is shown that, for the teacher analysed, switching to dialect is a methodological resource which matches the intricate pedagogical tasks involved in the evaluation moves which follow pupils' 'troublesome' answers.
Sprachen sind dynamisch. Veränderungsmotor des offenen Systems Sprache ist dessen Gebrauch durch Sprecher. Bekanntermaßen wird die Verstehbarkeit der Sprachverwendung durch Konventionen gewährleistet, die gleichzeitig allerdings durch den Gebrauch aushandelbar und flexibel sind. Am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts kann für die standardsprachliche Situation in Deutschland festgestellt werden, dass primär durch außerlinguistische Veränderungen angestoßene Entwicklungen im Bereich der Verwendung Spuren im System hinterlassen. Die Standardsprache ist im Prozess, von immer mehr Sprechern in immer mehr Verwendungskontexten gebraucht zu werden. Gleichzeitig scheint der Standard Siebsscher Prägung, also der kodifizierte, schriftsprachorientierte Standard, immer seltener gesprochen zu werden. Aus dieser Situation ergeben sich der Sprachwissenschaft Fragen und Probleme: Wie kann ein Beschreibungsobjekt Standardsprache definiert werden, wo sind die Grenzen zwischen dem standard-sprachlichen und nicht-mehr-standardsprachlichen Bereich? Wie angemessen bilden vorhandene Beschreibungen die aktuelle Sprechwirklickeit ab? Ist es deutscher Sprechstandard, was in Schulen gelehrt und nicht-deutschsprachigen Deutschlernern vermittelt wird? Solche und weitere Fragen wurden auf der diesjährigen IDS-Jahrestagung, die vom 9.-11. März unter der Leitfrage »Standardvariation – Wie viel Variation verträgt die deutsche Standardsprache?« stattfand, zu beantworten versucht.