Sprache im 20. Jahrhundert. Gegenwartssprache
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While written corpora can be exploited without any linguistic annotations, speech corpora need at least a basic transcription to be of any use for linguistic research. The basic annotation of speech data usually consists of time-aligned orthographic transcriptions. To answer phonetic or phonological research questions, phonetic transcriptions are needed as well. However, manual annotation is very time-consuming and requires considerable skill and near-native competence. Therefore it can take years of speech corpus compilation and annotation before any analyses can be carried out. In this paper, approaches that address the transcription bottleneck of speech corpus exploitation are presented and discussed, including crowdsourcing the orthographic transcription, automatic phonetic alignment, and query-driven annotation. Currently, query-driven annotation and automatic phonetic alignment are being combined and applied in two speech research projects at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS), whereas crowdsourcing the orthographic transcription still awaits implementation.
This contribution reflects quantity and quality of communication between three generations:the old
people, the middle-aged and the youth. First it shows a systematic of situations in which the different generations talk to each other. In the second part different barriers are discussed which hinder communication between the generations and the third part shows some ways to intensify intergenerational communication.
The paper (1) starts from the general understanding of children’s development gained by interdisciplinary endeavours during the last decades, (2) characterises the functional-pragmatic conception of language and language acquisition as opposed to conceptions of language as an isolated system and of language acquisition as an independent module of development, (3) describes forms of language acquisition and language mediation.