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This paper demonstrates systematic cross-linguistic differences in the electrophysiological correlates of conflicts between form and meaning (“semantic reversal anomalies”). These engender P600 effects in English and Dutch (e.g. Kolk et al., 2003, Kuperberg et al., 2003), but a biphasic N400 – late positivity pattern in German (Schlesewsky and Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, 2009), and monophasic N400 effects in Turkish (Experiment 1) and Mandarin Chinese (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 revealed that, in Icelandic, semantic reversal anomalies show the English pattern with verbs requiring a position-based identification of argument roles, but the German pattern with verbs requiring a case-based identification of argument roles. The overall pattern of results reveals two separate dimensions of cross-linguistic variation: (i) the presence vs. absence of an N400, which we attribute to cross-linguistic differences with regard to the sequence-dependence of the form-to-meaning mapping and (ii) the presence vs. absence of a late positivity, which we interpret as an instance of a categorisation-related late P300, and which is observable when the language under consideration allows for a binary well-formedness categorisation of reversal anomalies. We conclude that, rather than reflecting linguistic domains such as syntax and semantics, the late positivity vs. N400 distinction is better understood in terms of the strategies that serve to optimise the form-to-meaning mapping in a given language.
The study empirically examines the interpretation of focus accents in German. To this end, a methodology is developed, and it is discussed how experimental investigation can proceed at the current state of the focus theory. Methodologically, experiments directly measuring interpretation provide an alternative to the widespread practice of using only empirical preference and production data to investigate the interpretation of stimuli, and it is shown why such an alternative is necessary.
The empirical results show that one must extend and restrict theories assuming an association of free focus and scalar implicature (exhaustivity) or question–answer congruence as follows: On the one hand, situational factors in the interpretation must be taken into account to a greater extent than until now, especially their interaction with ‘physical’ properties of the speech signal (focus marking). On the other hand, a prototypical definition of Focus is called for which connects the major concepts of focus on the phonetic-phonological, semantic and information-structural levels and takes their prototypical coincidence to be the basis of focus interpretation and corresponding intuitions.
Para sus amigos y colaboradores, Carlos Buján representa el placer de la lectura, la curiosidad intelectual, la apertura hacia todas las ramas del saber, la proximidad de la palabra hablada en un mundo de comunicaciones virtuales o la memoria viva de la universidad. Unos reconocen en él al maestro que supo estimular su interés por la filologÍa unido a la exigencia del trabajo bien hecho; otros lo reconocen como guía en sus carreras universitarias y el personaje fundamental para madurar académicamente. Los setenta años de Carlos constituyen una magnífica ocasión para ofrecerle este homenaje escrito, una Festschrift en la mejor tradición germánica, a la que han contribuido algunos de sus amigos, colegas y discípulos. La variedad de ámbitos de trabajo, edades y localizaciones geográficas de sus autores refleja la facilidad de Carlos Buján por transitar con personas de distintas disciplinas, especialidades, nacionalidades y situaciones personales o académicas. Con todo, la mayoria de los trabajos aquí reunidos pertenecen al área de filología alemana, en la que Carlos ha destacado tanto por su capacidad de orientar a jóvenes investigadores y docentes en ciernes como por su contribución, desde Santiago, a la consolidación y profesionalización de una germanística española.
Conduit metaphor
(2011)