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Hermann Osthoff
(1996)
Julius Pokorny
(1996)
What makes a good online dictionary? Empirical insights from an interdisciplinary research project
(2011)
This paper presents empirical fmdings from two online surveys on the use of online dictionaries, in which more than 1,000 participants took part. The aim of these studies was to clarify general questions of online dictionary use (e.g. which electronic devices are used for online dictionaries or different types of usage situations) and to identify different demands regarding the use of online dictionaries. We will present some important results ofthis ongoing research project by focusing on the latter. Our analyses show that neither knowledge of the participants’ (scientific or academic) background, nor the language Version of the online survey (German vs. English) allow any significant conclusions to be drawn about the participant’s individual user demands. Subgroup analyses only reveal noteworthy differences when the groups are clustered statistically. Taken together, our fmdings shed light on the general lexicographical request both for the development of a user-adaptive interface and the incorporation of multimedia elements to make online dictionaries more user-friendly and innovative.
Digital or electronic lexicography has gained in importance in the last few years. This can be seen in the increasing number of online dictionaries and publications focusing on this field. OBELEX (http://www.owid.de) - one of the bibliographic projects of the Institute for German Language in Mannheim - takes this development into account and makes both online dictionaries and research contribulions available in a bibliographical database searchable by different criteria. The idea for OBELEX originated in the context of the dictionary portal OWID, which incorporates several dictionaries from the Institute for German Language (http://www.owid.de). OBELEX has been available online free of Charge since December 2008. As of 2011, OBELEX includes two search options: a search for research literature and (as a completely new feature) a search for online dictionaries, a Service which is unique in the world.
Compared with printed dictionaries, online dictionaries provide a number of unique possibilities for the presentation and processing of lexicographical information. However, in Müller-Spitzer/Koplenig/Töpel (2011) we show that – on average - users tend to rate the special characteristics of online dictionaries (e.g. multimedia, adaptability) as (partly) unimportant. This result conflicts somewhat with the lexicographical request both for the development of a user-adaptive interface and the incorporation of multimedia elements. This contribution seeks to explain this discrepancy, by arguing that when potential users are fully informed about the benefits of possible innovative features of online dictionaries, they will come to judge these characteristics to be more useful than users that do not have this kind of information. This argument is supported by empirical evidence presented in this paper.
The representation of semantic relations between word senses of different entries in a dictionary is subject to a number of consistency requirements. This paper discusses the issue of maintaining and accessing consistent information on cross-references between sense-related items in electronic dictionaries from a mainly text-technological point of view. We present a number of consistency criteria for cross-referencing related senses and propose a practical approach to handling sense relations in an online dictionary. Our proposal is currently being tested in a large ongoing online dictionary project for German called elexiko. We focus on three different aspects of the dictionary development and editing process where consistency is an important issue: lexicographic data modelling, implementation of a lexicographic database system for an electronic dictionary, and development of practical tools for the lexicographer’s workbench.
vernetziko is an assistive software tool primarily designed for managing cross-references in XML-based electronic dictionaries. In its current form it has been developed as an integral part of the lexicographic editing environment for the German monolingual dictionary elexiko developed and compiled at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. This paper first briefly outlines how vernetziko fits into the XML-based dictionary editing technology of elexiko. Then vernetziko’s core functionality and some of the auxiliary tools integrated into the program are presented from both a practical and a technological point of view. The concluding sections discuss some software engineering aspects of extending the tool to handle cross-references between multiple resources and point out some of the advantages of vernetziko vis-à-vis corresponding features of proprietary dictionary writing systems. The software can be adapted to interconnect off-the-shelf components (database management systems and editors), thus providing a tailor-made lexicographical workbench for a wide range of XML-based dictionaries without vendor lock-in.
Grammatik
(2005)