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Multimedia
(1997)
Syntax und Morphologie
(1997)
XML-Dokumentgrammatiken, die als DTDs oder neuerdings als XML-Schemata spezifiziert werden, spezifizieren zwar die syntaktischen Eigenschaften einer Klasse von Dokumenten, für sie existiert aber normalerweise kein formales semantisches Modell des Gegenstandsbereichs, auf das Dokumentstrukturen abgebildet werden können. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Tabelle, wie semantische Netze für diese Aufgabe herangezogen werden können. Die konkrete Umsetzung geschieht dabei auf der Grundlage des Topic-Map-Standards in Verbindung mit XPath-Ausdrücken, die aus dem semantischen Netz in die Dokumentinstanz bzw. in ein XML-Schema verweisen.
The paper investigates the evolution of document grammars from a linguistic point of view. Document grammars have been developed in the past decades in order to formalize knowledge on the structure of textual information. A well-known instance of a document grammar is the »Document Type Definition« (DTD) as part of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). DTDs allow to define so-called tree grammars that constrain the application of tag-sets in the process of annotation of a document. In an XML-based document workflow, DTDs play a crucial role for validation and transforming huge amounts of texts in standardized data formats. An interesting point in the development of XML DTDs is the fact that the restriction of the formal expressiveness paved the way to understand the formal properties of document grammars better and to develop more a powerful version like XML Schema recently. In this sense, the simplicity of the original approach, resulting from the necessary restriction of previous approaches, yielded new complexity on formally understood grounds.
From Open Source to Open Information. Collaborative Methods in Creating XML-based Markup Languages
(2000)
In multimodal scholarly presentations supported by presentation software, spoken and written language, various visualizations on the projected slides as well as the contributors’ gestures and facial expressions build a meaningful oneness. On the one hand, communication scientists as well as linguists have for a relatively long time neglected the presentation as a complex form of communication. On the other hand, since Tafte (2003 ), columnists of major German newspapers have been dealing with the question of the value, the quality and the place of PowerPoint in science, they have even tried to find the answer to the question whether PowerPoint is evil or not.
The presentation practice is perceived as fundamentally deficient of systematic empirical research on presentations. Also Grabowski called attention to this desideratum with two critical articles (Grabowski 2003, 2008). Various questions - still unanswered - have motivated the implementation of a number of experiments (in the summer of 2010) for analyzing the knowledge and learning effects and the communicational impact of scientific presentations. The general aim of these experiments was to conduct empirical research on selected presentations in order to find out what kind of presentation is successful. The main interest is to find out which model of scholarly presentation produces the best results regarding learning effect and communicative impact.