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Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Thema der kommunikativen Deviationen in Interviews im Ukrainischen und Deutschen. Dabei werden die Deviationen sowohl in den Presseinterviews als auch in den populärsten Videointerviews auf YouTube untersucht. Die Deviationen werden in die von der Position des Adressanten, des Adressaten sowie des Zuschauers aufgeteilt. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird der Sprach- und der kommunikativen Kompetenz der Kommunikanten als der Hauptursache der Deviationen in den Interviews gelenkt. Die Deviationen werden als eine der Voraussetzungen der erfolgreichen Kommunikation bestimmt.
Simultandolmetschen ist eine komplexe und kognitive Aktivität, bei der verschiedene Prozesse gleichzeitig ablaufen. Neben monolingualer Textverarbeitung braucht man auch dolmetschspezifische Strategien, die erworben werden müssen. Die Notstrategien werden erst dann angewendet, wenn die Kapazitätsgrenze des Dolmetschers erreicht ist.
Unserdeutsch (Rabaul Creole German) entstand um 1900 an einer katholischen Missionsstation in Vunapope auf der Insel New Britain im Bismarck-Archipel. Seine dominante Substratsprache ist Tok Pisin, das melanesische Pidgin-Englisch, seine Superstratsprache Deutsch. Der Aufsatz versucht das sprachliche Superstrat von Unserdeutsch näher zu bestimmen, d. h. die Frage zu beantworten, welches Deutsch von den Missionaren in Vunapope um 1900, am Ort und zum Zeitpunkt der Entstehung von Unserdeutsch, gesprochen wurde. Zu diesem Zweck werden die als Superstrattransfer aus dem Deutschen erklärbaren, regional markierten linguistischen Strukturmerkmale in Unserdeutsch untersucht und im geschlossenen Sprachgebiet sprachgeografisch lokalisiert. Ergänzt wird diese linguistische Evidenz durch extra- und metalinguistische Evidenz aus einschlägigen, zeitgenössischen Quellen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf ein vorwiegend nordwestdeutsch-westfälisch geprägtes, insgesamt jedoch heterogenes, standardnahes sprachliches Superstrat hin und widerlegen somit frühere diesbezügliche Aussagen in der einschlägigen Fachliteratur. Und sie zeigen zugleich auch, dass die Analyse von kolonialen und sonstigen Auswanderervarietäten, besonders von solchen, die – wie Unserdeutsch – im Laufe ihrer späteren Geschichte den Kontakt zum sprachlichen Mutterland vollständig verloren haben, zur Rekonstruktion historischer Mündlichkeit wertvolle Daten liefern kann.
This paper deals with the lexicographic treatment of the evidently plenty and pervasive scatological vocabulary, that is vocabulary concerning the process and products of bodily excretion (especially feces), in the synchronic Early New High German Dictionary (FWB = Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch) from a dictionary user’s view. Initially, different cultural concepts of scatology by Norbert Elias, Michail Bachtin and Mary Douglas among others and the term taboo are reflected. Subsequently, selected lexical items such as words with a primary scatological meaning (e. g. drek, kot, scheisse), concealing expressions (euphemisms, periphrases, metaphors, e. g. sitzen, seine notdurft tun, bauernveiel), and certain aspects within the polysemy of the verb scheissen are discussed, the latter on the one hand referring to a physical process with uncontrollable aspects and on the other hand denoting a deliberate action and functionalized as a fighting word during the reformation. Focussing on different positions of lexicographical information within the microstructure of the FWB, the surveillance shows that in a synchronic perspective Early New High German scatological vocabulary is a heterogeneous and complex phenomenon due to speaker, context and respectively semantic and pragmatic purposes
This paper describes the results of an empirical investigation carried out within the project Lessico Multilingue dei Beni Culturali (LBC), whose aim is to create a multilingual online dictionary of the lexicon of the Italian artistic heritage. The dictionary, whose lexicographic process has already started, is intended for linguists and specialist translators as well as for professionals in the tourism sector and students of Foreign Languages and Literatures. The investigation conducted through a questionnaire submitted to undergraduate students at the University of Milan and at the University of Florence has a double aim: to research the habits in the use of lexicographic tools by possible users of the dictionary (Italian Learners of German Language), and to identify preferences regarding macro-, medio- and microstructural features of the future LBC-dictionary to realize a user-friendly tool. After a brief introduction on the state of the art of the survey in the field of Dictionary Users Studies, the article describes the questionnaire and the results obtained from the pilot study. A summary and a discussion on the future developments of the project conclude the work.
This paper gives an insight into a cross-media publishing process on different stages: from a printed bilingual syntagmatic dictionary for GFL to an online learner’s dictionary of German collocations to a German learner’s dictionary portal. On the basis of an sql database specially developed for a corpus-guided dictionary of German collocations, the bilingual syntagmatic learner’s dictionary KolleX was published in 2014. The first part of the article describes this lexicographic process, focusing the most relevant aspects of the dictionary concept, e. g. dictionary type, subject matter, corpus guided data selection and microstructure. The second part introduces the first online version of KolleX from 2016 and the profound changes in the editing system – from a desktop version (2005) to a web-based editing system (2016) –, which resulted successively in a prototype of a German learner’s dictionary portal, called E-KolleX DaF (2018–). Focusing on the aspects of dynamism and integration of different resources from a learner’s perspective the paper shows the innovative features of this new online reference work. The contribution presents the solutions for the integration of new datatypes in the database of KolleX and the linking to different data in German monolingual dictionary platforms. The paper outlines the web design, functioning and technical improvements of E-KolleX DaF. The conclusions provide an outlook to the forthcoming challenges.
The focus of this paper will be on lexical information systems and the framework guidelines for the definition of the curricula within the educational system of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano/ Bozen (Italy). In Italy, the competences to be achieved at different school levels are published in the form of general guidelines. On this basis each school has to specify the general competency goals and to spell them out in a concrete curriculum. In this paper I will examine to what extent lexical information systems are represented in the framework guidelines within the German and the Italian educational system of the Autonomous Province, these being separate systems. In a second step, I will check the representations of the resources against the “Villa Vigoni Theses on Lexicography“. Finally, I will discuss the results and give an outlook for further research.
This chapter starts out by giving a brief overview of the main priorities of international and German studies in the area of linguistic landscape research. The contributions to this volume are then embedded in current debates and developments in the field. Finally, we outline important desiderata of linguistic landscape research that focus on German and address challenges of knowledge transfer and application as well as possible contributions to international lines of research.
Vorwort
(2021)
Almanca tuhfe / Deutsches Geschenk (1916) oder: Wie schreibt man deutsch mit arabischen Buchstaben?
(2022)
Versified dictionaries are bilingual/multilingual glossaries written in verse form to teach essential words in any foreign language. In Islamic culture, versified dictionaries were produced to teach the Arabic language to the young generations of Muslim communities not native in Arabic. In the course of time, many bilingual/multilingual versified dictionaries were written in different languages throughout the Islamic world. The focus of this study is on the Turkish-German versified dictionary titled Almanca Tuhfe / Deutsches Geschenk [German Gift], published by Dr. Sherefeddin Pasha in Istanbul in 1916. This dictionary is the only dictionary in verse ever written combining these two languages. Moreover the dictionary is one of the few texts containing German words written in Arabic letters (applying Ottoman spelling conventions). The study concentrates on the way German words are spelled and tries to find out, whether Sherefeddin Pasha applied something like fixed rules to write the German lexemes.
Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion im lexikographischen Prozess zu lexikalischen Informationssystemen
(2022)
Dictionaries of today and tomorrow are rather digital products than print dictionaries. From the user’s perspective, electronic dictionary applications and in particular „lexical information systems“, also referred to as „digital word information systems“ are coming to the fore alongside Google searches. Given the rapid developments in the area of the automated provision of lexicographic information, more precisely the automatic creation of online dictionaries, the new role of the lexicographer in the modern lexicographic process is questionable. This article addresses this issue.
In the course of the last years, digital lexicography has opened up a variety of avenues fostering the conceptualisation, application and use of constructicons, a type of lexicographical reference work which has revealed itself highly promising in terms of connectivity and flexibility, at the same time, however, also challenging as to its technical implementation. The present paper takes up the ambitious aim to propose some reflections as well as a first draft for a possible model of a multilingual ‘periphrasticon’ as a subtype of a bigger constructicon focusing on a specific typology-related structural feature, i. e. periphrasticity. Taking periphrastic verbal constructions in French, Italian and Spanish as a starting point, it tries to sketch out a unified constructional network including not only equivalent (or corresponding) constructions within Romance, but also establishing (formal and functional) cross-linguistic connections to German and English. Comprising the major languages available to most language learners in (at least) German-speaking environments, the model is also supposed to pave the way for multilingual constructicography which, on the one hand, is able to account for intra- and cross-linguistic relations and, on the other hand, can also prove a valuable tool for language learning and use.
The paper describes an online German-Russian database for phraseological constructions (PhC), or syntactic idioms. It is a linguistic phenomenon representing a stable multi-word form that usually contains some auxiliary words (“anchors”) and partially opens up empty spaces (“slots”) which are filled directly in spoken language by various lexemes or combinations of lexemes (“fillers”, or “slot fillers”). Linguists from several German institutions are currently working on the database. The PhCs selected for the database have to meet special criteria. The database is a manual that combines scientific descriptions, a thesaurus and a bilingual dictionary. The database is designed as an active aid for text production in the respective foreign language; it is also a manual for language researchers and for translators. Apart from that, it can serve as a basis for extensions for other language pairs. The aim of the project is to record and to describe 300 PhC before the database is published. Our objective is to enable foreign language learners to use the syntactic idioms correctly in the texts they produce rather than create a big-sized database. The paper describes some issues related to the creation of the database, namely objectives and target groups, material and methods, microstructure of the database article and some others.
This paper presents the methodology of a research project on the use of specialised German dictionaries. A mixed-methods research approach will help to answer the following main questions, concerning the lexicographic presentation of the data on the one hand and the data collection on the other hand: How do different systems of data organization and presentation affect the likelihood that users will correctly find and select the data they look up? And does the probability of success increase if users are familiar with the system? Which advantages and disadvantages do lexicographers and specialised languages experts see in using quantitative methods to extract terms? And are these methods accepted and considered reliable by the user community?
Inspired by GWLN 3, we take a look at the new words, meanings, and expressions that have been created during or promoted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic provides a rare opportunity to follow the rise, spread, and integration of words and expressions in a language that may serve as an illustration of how linguistic innovation in general works. Relevant words were selected from various lists, notably monthly and annual lists of prominent words attested in the corpus of The Danish Dictionary. Analysis of these lists gives an insight into the number of words that stand out month by month and what kinds of words are involved, both in terms of morphological type and of semantic category, with special attention given to neologisms. Finally, we discuss the criteria for selecting which words to include in the dictionary. With this study, Danish is added to the list of languages covered in the GWLN series on
COVID-19 neologisms.
One central goal of the project ‘Zentrum für digitale Lexikographie der deutschen Sprache’ (Center for digital lexicography for the German Language, www.zdl.org) is to provide a corpus-based lexicographic component of common German multi-word expressions (MWE), including idioms, for DWDS (www.dwds.de), a general language dictionary of contemporary German. As a central challenge of this task, we have identified an adequate lexicographic representation of such common properties of MWE as variation and modification. To document the variation, we have developed a special entry-clustering model, which we call hub-node entry. This model comprises a core hub entry headed by a short nuclear form of the MWE and several node entries, which represent the most common variants in their full lexical forms.
Vergleichbare Korpora für multilinguale kontrastive Studien. Herausforderungen und Desiderata
(2022)
This contribution aims to show the necessity of working in the development of multilingual corpora and appropriate tools for multilingual contrastive studies. We take the corpus of the lexicographical project COMBIDIGILEX as example to show, how difficultit is to build a suitable data basis to study and compare linguistic phenomena in German, Spanish and Portuguese. Despite the availability of big reference corpora for the three languages (at least for written language), it is not able to obtain a comparable data basis from, because the mentioned corpora are created according to different requirements and they are also powered by disparate information systems and analyse tools. To break the status quo, we plead for increasing research infrastructures by means of compatible language technology and sharing data.
Gerade wenn es um die Gewinnung und eine erste Bewertung von Forschungsdaten geht, ist derzeit oft vom Übergang zu citizen science die Rede. Nachdem dieses Konzept zunächst in den Lebenswissenschaften eine größere Rolle gespielt hat, findet es sich neuerdings auch in Teilen der Sprachwissenschaft. Viele einschlägige Initiativen schließen an die Tätigkeiten an, bei denen sich auch traditionell schon die professionalisierte Wissenschaft der Hilfe der ‚Laien‘ bediente, sie können allerdings jetzt die in ungeahntem Ausmaß gewachsenen Möglichkeiten elektronischer Kommunikation und elektronischen Daten-Managements nutzen. Das digitale Interagieren erweitert die Möglichkeiten der als beteiligte „Laien“ gesehenen Personen aber doch so sehr, dass sich auch qualitativ ein neues Verhältnis zwischen den am Forschungsprozess Beteiligten entwickelt. In diesem Beitrag wird diskutiert, welche Folgen diese Veränderung für die wissenschaftliche Praxis, aber auch für das Verständnis des Konzepts „Wissenschaft“ hat.
Grußwort
(2018)