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This study explores how ‘gatherings’ turn into ‘encounters’ in a virtual world (VW) context. Most communication technologies enable only focused encounters between distributed participants, but in VWs both gatherings and encounters can occur. We present close sequential analysis of moments when after a silent gathering, interaction among participants in a VW is gradually resumed, and also investigate the social actions in the verbal (re-)opening turns. Our findings show that like in face-to-face situations, also in VWs participants often use different types of embodied resources to achieve the transition, rather than rely on verbal means only. However, the transition process in VWs has distinctive characteristics compared to the one in face-to-face situations. We discuss how participants in a VW use virtually embodied pre-beginnings to display what we call encounter-readiness, instead of displaying lack of presence by avatar stillness. The data comprise 40 episodes of video-recorded team interactions in a VW.
This report presents a corpus of articulations recorded with Schlieren photography, a recording technique to visualize aeroflow dynamics for two purposes. First, as a means to investigate aerodynamic processes during speech production without any obstruction of the lips and the nose. Second, to provide material for lecturers of phonetics to illustrates these aerodynamic processes. Speech production was recorded with 10 kHz frame rate for statistical video analyses. Downsampled videos (500 Hz) were uplodad to a youtube channel for illustrative purposes. Preliminary analyses demonstrate potential in applying Schlieren photography in research.
Travel guides and travel reports constitute an important source for the generation and spread of popular geopolitical epistemes and assumptions. With regard to colonial attitudes and their possible perpetuation, it is therefore of great interest what kind of information such texts convey regarding (post)colonial places, and how they contextualize it. The paper compares descriptions of Qingdao (Tsingtau), a German colonized territory between 1897 and 1914, in travel guides and related material from colonial and postcolonial times and in different European languages. It investigates what differences can be found between these descriptions in relation to time, language, and medium (print or online) of publication. Of particular interest is the question whether, and in what ways, colonial perspectives are perpetuated in present-day (especially German) travel literature.
In this paper we present an experimental semantic search function, based on word embeddings, for an integrated online information system on German lexical borrowings into other languages, the Lehnwortportal Deutsch (LWPD). The LWPD synthesizes an increasing number of lexicographical resources and provides basic cross-resource search options. Onomasiological access to the lexical units of the portal is a highly desirable feature for many research questions, such as the likelihood of borrowing lexical units with a given meaning (Haspelmath & Tadmor, 2009; Zeller, 2015). The search technology is based on multilingual pre-trained word embeddings, and individual word senses in the portal are associated with word vectors. Users may select one or more among a very large number of search terms, and the database returns lexical items with word sense vectors similar to these terms. We give a preliminary assessment of the feasibility, usability and efficacy of our approach, in particular in comparison to search options based on semantic domains or fields.
In den letzten Jahren haben sich einige Themen mit Bezug zur deutschen Sprache zu sprachpolitischen Kontroversen entwickelt, die heute mit großer Intensität diskutiert werden. Es handelt sich um Themen wie das der geschlechtergerechten Sprache, das durch verschiedene rechtliche und publizistische Impulse eine immer noch wachsende Präsenz in Medien und Öffentlichkeit besitzt. Auch das Thema des sogenannten politisch korrekten Sprachgebrauchs führt zu polarisiert geführten Debatten. Der vorliegende Beitrag will diese Debatten in ihren Grundzügen nachzeichnen und dabei zeigen, wie diese Themen vermittelt über die Medien und den «Verein Deutsche Sprache» ihren Weg bis in die politische Sphäre gefunden haben. Aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht ist es wichtig, die Grenzen des Politischen so zu ziehen, dass die Sprache selbst in derartigen Kontroversen keinen Schaden nimmt.
Auf dem Weg zu einer Kartographie: automatische und manuelle Analysen am Beispiel des Korpus ISW
(2021)
Alleviating pain is good and abandoning hope is bad. We instinctively understand how words like alleviate and abandon affect the polarity of a phrase, inverting or weakening it. When these words are content words, such as verbs, nouns, and adjectives, we refer to them as polarity shifters. Shifters are a frequent occurrence in human language and an important part of successfully modeling negation in sentiment analysis; yet research on negation modeling has focused almost exclusively on a small handful of closed-class negation words, such as not, no, and without. A major reason for this is that shifters are far more lexically diverse than negation words, but no resources exist to help identify them. We seek to remedy this lack of shifter resources by introducing a large lexicon of polarity shifters that covers English verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Creating the lexicon entirely by hand would be prohibitively expensive. Instead, we develop a bootstrapping approach that combines automatic classification with human verification to ensure the high quality of our lexicon while reducing annotation costs by over 70%. Our approach leverages a number of linguistic insights; while some features are based on textual patterns, others use semantic resources or syntactic relatedness. The created lexicon is evaluated both on a polarity shifter gold standard and on a polarity classification task.
„Bausteine einer Korpusgrammatik des Deutschen“ ist eine Schriftenreihe, die am Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim (IDS) entsteht. Sie setzt sich zum Ziel, mit korpuslinguistischen Methoden die Vielfalt und Variabilität der deutschen Grammatik in großer Detailschärfe zu erfas-sen und gleichzeitig für die Validierbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu sorgen. Der zweite Band enthält eine kurze Einleitung und vier als Kapitel einer neuen Grammatik gestaltete Texte: 1. Determination in der Nominalphrase – ein Überblick, 2. Syntaktische Funktionen von Nominalphrasen und Funktio-nen der Kasus, 3. Stellung des adnominalen Genitivs und 4. Genitiv- und von-Attribute: Bestimmung des Variationsbereichs. Der Band ist mit zum Download verfügbaren Datensätzen zu Nominalphrasen sowie Genitiv- und von-Attributen verknüpft.
Bericht vom zweiten nationalen Best-Practice-Workshop der deutschen Open-Access-Monografienfonds
(2021)
This paper reports on an ongoing international project of compiling a freely accessible online Dictionary of German Loans in Polish Dialects. The dictionary will be the first comprehensive lexicographic compendium of its kind, serving as a complement to existing resources on German lexical loans in the literary or standard language. The empirical results obtained in the project will shed new light on the distribution of German loanwords among different dialects, also in comparison to the well-documented situation in written Polish. The dictionary will have a strong focus on the dialectal distribution of Polish dialectal variants for a given German etymon, accessible through interactive cartographic representations and corresponding search options. The editorial process is realized with dedicated collaborative web tools. The new resource will be published as an integrated part of an online information system for German lexical borrowings in other languages, the Lehnwortportal Deutsch, and is therefore highly cross-linked with other loanword dictionaries on Polish as well as Slavic and further European languages.
CLARIAH-DE cross-service search - prospects and benefits of merging subject-specific services
(2021)
CLARIAH-DE combines services and offerings of CLARIN-D and DARIAH-DE. This includes various search applications which are made directly available to researchers. These search applications are presented in this working paper based on their main characteristics and compared with a focus on possible harmonizations. Opportunities and risks of different forms of technical integration are highlighted. Identified challenges can be explained in particular considering the background of different organizational and technical frameworks as well as highly specific and discipline-dependent requirements. The integration work that has already been carried out and the experiences gained with regard to future work and possible integration of further applications are also discussed. The experiences made in CLARIAH-DE can especially be of interest for other projects in the field of digital research infrastructures.
Die durch die Covid-19-Pandemie bedingte Umstellung der Präsenzlehre auf digitale Lehr- und Lernformate stellte Lehrende und Studierende gleichermaßen vor eine Herausforderung. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit musste die Nutzung von Plattformen und digitalen Tools erlernt und getestet werden. Der Beitrag stellt exemplarisch Dienste und Werkzeuge von CLARIAH-DE vor und erläutert, wie die digitale Forschungsinfrastruktur Lehrende und Studierende auch im Rahmen der digitalen Lehre unterstützen kann.
This poster summarizes the results of the CLARIAH-DE Work Package 3: Skills Training and Promotion of Junior Researchers.
For a research field that is characterised by rapid technical development, CLARIAH-DE has to include the promotion of data literacy necessary for the efficient use of this digital research infrastructure as part of its objective. To develop, consolidate and refine a common programme in this area, work package 3 set itself the following sub goals:
- Consolidation of the activities from the previous projects into a joint service
- Cataloguing and reflecting on the methods and tools used in the research field, with the aim of identifying remaining gaps
- Skills training of, individual support for and the promotion of junior researchers
This poster summarizes the results of the CLARIAH-DE Work Package 5 - Community Engagement: Outreach/Dissemination and Liaison.
Work package 5 engages with the community through dissemination activities, outreach and liaison. The work package set itself the following sub goals:
- Combining the existing dissemination and outreach activities of CLARIN-D and DARIAH-DE in a meaningful way and elaborating on them. In some cases this meant continuity, in other cases a new appearance for resources.
- Providing a web portal as a gateway to the CLARIAH-DE project.
- Creating a common identity and corporate identity and maintaining the established level of trust users already put into CLARIN-D and DARIAH-DE.
- Providing a social media presence as well as a physical presence at workshops, conferences and other meetings in the Digital Humanities.
CMDI Explorer
(2021)
We present CMDI Explorer, a tool that empowers users to easily explore the contents of complex CMDI records and to process selected parts of them with little effort. The tool allows users, for instance, to analyse virtual collections represented by CMDI records, and to send collection items to other CLARIN services such as the Switchboard for subsequent processing. CMDI Explorer hence adds functionality that many users felt was lacking from the CLARIN tool space.
Playing videogames is a popular social activity; people play videogames in different places, on different media, in different situations, alone or with partners, online or offline. Unsurprisingly, they thereby share space (physically or virtually) with other playing or non-playing people. The special issue investigates through different contexts and settings how non-players become participants of the gaming interaction and how players and non-players co-construct presence. The introduction provides a problem-related context for the individual contributions and then briefly presents them.