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Die Dissertation befasst sich mit den Ursachen der Entwicklung der meist von jungen Menschen gesprochenen Sprachvarietät in Berlin, die in städtischem Zusammenleben vor allem mit Menschen unterschiedlicher ethnischer Herkunft und mit Migrationshintergrund entsteht und wie diese, zusammen mit den Einflüssen des bestehenden Berlinerischen, verwendet wird.
"Standard language" is a contested concept, ideologically, empirically and theoretically. This is particularly true for a language such as German, where the standardization of the spoken language was based on the written standard and was established with respect to a communicative situation, i.e. public speech on stage (Bühnenaussprache), which most speakers never come across. As a consequence, the norms of the oral standard exhibit many features which are infrequent in the everyday speech even of educated speakers. This paper discusses ways to arrive at a more realistic conception of (spoken) standard German, which will be termed "standard usage". It must be founded on empirical observations of speakers linguistic choices in everyday situations. Arguments in favor of a corpus-based notion of standard have to consider sociolinguistic, political, and didactic concerns. We report on the design of a large study of linguistic variation conducted at the Institute for the German Language (project "Variation in Spoken German", Variation des gesprochenen Deutsch) with the aim of arriving at a representative picture of "standard usage" in contemporary German. It systematically takes into account both diatopic variation covering the multi-national space in which German an official language, and diastratic variation in terms of varying degrees of formality. Results of the study of phonetic and morphosyntactic variation are discussed. At least for German, a corpus-based notion of "standard usage" inevitably includes some degree of pluralism concerning areal variation, and it needs to do justice to register-based variation as well.
With the advent of mobile devices, mediatized political discourse became more dynamic. I assume that the microblog Twitter can be considered as a medium for spatial coordination during protests. Therefore, the case of neo-Nazi demonstrations and counter-protests in the city of Dresden that occurred in February 2012 is analysed. Data consists of microposts that occurred during the event. Quantitative analysis of hashtag and retweet frequencies was performed as well as qualitative speech act pattern analysis and a tempo-spatial discourse analysis on selected subsets of microposts. Results show that a common linguistic practice is verbal georeferencing and by that constructing space. Empirical analysis indicates a strong relation between communicational online space and physical offline place: Protest participants permanently reconfigure spatial context discursively and thus the contested protest area becomes a temporarily meaningful place.
Die Textsorte Gebet hat zwar eine klare formale Struktur und auch aus sprech- akttheoretischer Perspektive lassen sich einige Aussagen treffen. Über den Inhalt von Gebeten liegen uns jedoch noch zu wenige Erkenntnisse vor. Dabei sehen sich Linguisten vor allem methodischen Problemen gegenüber. So ist der Wortlaut privater Gebete kaum zugänglich. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine als Pretest konzipierte Fragebogenstudie vorgestellt, die verschiedene Aspekte des Betens thematisiert. Es werden Tendenzen aufgezeigt, ob und wie Menschen im Gebet Emotionen verbalisieren. Auch über die Konzeptualisierung von Gott, die der Kommunikation zugrunde liegt, lassen sich Annahmen ableiten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die Textsortenspezifika des Gebets diskutiert.
The understanding of story variation, whether motivated by cultural currents or other factors, is important for applications of formal models of narrative such as story generation or story retrieval. We present the first stage of an experiment to elicit natural narrative variation data suitable for evaluation with respect to story similarity, to qualitative and quantitative analysis of story variation, and also for data processing. We also present few preliminary results from the first stage of the experiment, using Red Riding Hood and Romeo and Juliet as base texts.
A tale of many stories: explaining policy diffusion between European higher education systems
(2013)
The thesis ”A Tale of Many Stories - Explaining Policy Diffusion between European Higher Education Systems" systematically examines diffusion processes and their effects with regard to a rather neglected policy area – the case of European higher education policy. The thesis contributes to the slowly growing number of comparative and mechanism-based studies on policy diffusion and represents the first study on the diffusion of policies between European Higher Education Systems. The main aim is to contrast and compare testable and coherent explanatory models on the functioning of different diffusion mechanisms. Three sets of explanatory models on the relationship between variables triggering and conditioning diffusion mechanisms and their impact on policy adoption are drawn from mechanism-based thinking on policy diffusion: on learning, socialization, and externalities. These approaches conceptualize the policy process in terms of interdependencies between international and national actors. Explanatory models based on assumptions about domestic policies and the common responses of countries to similar policy problems extend this theoretical framework. The thesis is based on event history modelling of policy change and adoption in higher education systems of 16 West European countries between the yeas 1980 and 1998. Overall 14 policy items describing performance-orientated reforms for public universities ranging from the adoption of external quality assurance systems to tuition fees are examined. Empirically, the main research question is what international, national and policy-specific factors cause and condition diffusion processes and the adoption of public policies? Evidence can be found for and against all of the four theoretical approaches tested. In comparison, many of the assumptions related to interdependencies lack robustness, whereas the common response model is the most stable one. This does not mean that explanatory models based on interdependent decision-making are not suitable for analysing policy diffusion in higher education. Rather interdependency is a multi- dimensional concept that requires a comparative assessment of diffusion mechanisms. Some of explanatory factors based on interdependent decision- making are still supported by the empirical analysis though. From this point of view, the recommendation for analysing diffusion is to start with a model based on domestic politics, that is successively extended by explanatory factors dealing with interdependencies between international and national actors. Diffusion variables matter – but it is only one side of the tale on policy diffusion.
Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte semantische und syntaktische Eigenschaften von AcI-Konstruktionen bei Wahrnehmungsverben im Deutschen, Italienischen und Ungarischen anhand einer Korpusanalyse dargestellt. Dabei wird in erster Linie auf Eigenschaften eingegangen, denen in der bisherigen Forschung wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wurde. Das Hauptziel ist, syntaktische Eigenschaften der Konstruktion aufzudecken, die sich von den Eigenschaften von Sätzen mit einer weniger markierten syntaktischen Struktur unterscheiden. Des Weiteren wird auch auf den Grammatikalisierungsgrad der Konstruktion in den einzelnen Vergleichssprachen eingegangen.
Adnominal
(2013)
The web portal Lehnwortportal Deutsch (lwp.ids-mannheim.de), developed at the Institute for the German Language (IDS), aims to provide unified access to existing and possibly new dictionaries of German loanwords in other languages. Internally, the lexicographical information is represented as a directed acyclic graph of relations between words. The graph abstracts from the idiosyncrasies of the individual component dictionaries. This paper explores two different strategies to make complex graph-based cross-dictionary queries in such a portal more accessible to users. The first strategy effectively hides the underlying graph structure, but allows users to assign scopes (internally defined in terms of the graph structure) to search criteria. A second type of search strategy directly formulates queries in terms of the relational graph structure. In this case, search results are not entries but n-tuples of words (metalemmata, loanwords, etyma); a query consists of specifying properties of these words and relations between them. A working prototype of an easy-to-use human-readable declarative query language is presented and ways to interactively construct queries are discussed.