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This article summarizes results of an empirical study on the use of so called verbs of transportation in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Such verbs constantly cause dijficulties and mistakes in the language production of non-native Speakers. The paper presentsfour observations on the grammar (verb prefixes, prepositions), semantics (places and paths) and pragmatics (deixis) of verbs of transportation in the two languages. It leads to the conclusion that Brazilian learners tend to have more dijficulties with the morphology and syntax of German transportation verbs, whereas German learners tend to have more dijficulties with the pragmatics of the corresponding verbs in Brazilian Portuguese. Dijficulties with the specification of places and paths can be observed in both directions, but they lead to unidiomatic usage rather than to outright mistakes.
Welche Fragen darf ein Soziolinguist stellen, welche Objekte untersuchen, wenn er sich mit dem Deutschen beschäftigt? Eigentlich sollte es keine a priori zu setzenden Grenzen geben, solange es nur um die Sprache und ihre Einbindung in die jeweiligen gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen ihres Gebrauchs geht. Man wird auf die verschiedensten sprachlichen Unterschiede und Unterscheidungen blicken, sehen, inwieweit sie mit Fragen der gesellschaftlichen Strukturierung und von Machtverhältnissen in der Gesellschaft zu tun haben, und von daher zu einer tiefgreifenderen Analyse sowohl des sprachlichen Verhaltens kommen wie möglicherweise auch der gesellschaftlichen Strukturen, die einen bestimmten Sprachgebrauch ebenso bedingen mögen, wie die Einschätzung einer bestimmten Weise zu sprechen. Was bedeutet das, wenn man es auf den Gebrauch des Deutschen durch seine Sprecher anwendet?
Semantic theories based on predicate-argument structures have always acknowledged that lexical information associated with verbs is the basic source for the rudimentary semantic structure of sentences. The central role of verbs in sentence structure has become a major insight of modern syntactic theories since the lexical turn in linguistics, too. As a result of this development there has been an increasing interest in theories on the lexical representation of verbs. This paper will briefly review prevailing theories on verb semantics (section 1), showing that they can capture only a part of the wide range of syntactic and semantic phenomena dependent on verb meaning. For several of these phenomena (section 2) it will turn out that a theory based on highly structured events is more suitable for representing verb meaning. This theory is based on the idea that verbs refer to events that consist of several subevents which are temporally related, classified according to their duration, and whose event participants are connected to some but not necessarily all subevents by semantic relations (section 3).