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This paper discusses an investigation of how senses are ordered across eight dictionaries. A dataset of 75 words was used for this purpose, and two senses were examined for each word. The words are divided into three groups of 25 words each according to the relationship between the senses: Homonymy, Metaphor, and Systematic Polysemy. The primary finding is that WordNet differs from the other dictionaries in terms of Metaphor. The order of the senses was more often figurative/literal, and it had the highest percentage of figurative senses that were not found. We discuss leveraging another dictionary, COBUILD, to re-order the senses according to frequency.
CLARIN, the "Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure", has established itself as a major player in the field of research infrastructures for the humanities. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the organization, its members, its goals and its functioning, as well as of the tools and resources hosted by the infrastructure. The many contributors representing various fields, from computer science to law to psychology, analyse a wide range of topics, such as the technology behind the CLARIN infrastructure, the use of CLARIN resources in diverse research projects, the achievements of selected national CLARIN consortia, and the challenges that CLARIN has faced and will face in the future.
The book will be published in 2022, 10 years after the establishment of CLARIN as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium by the European Commission (Decision 2012/136/EU).
Beyond Citations: Corpus-based Methods for Detecting the Impact of Research Outcomes on Society
(2020)
This paper proposes, implements and evaluates a novel, corpus-based approach for identifying categories indicative of the impact of research via a deductive (top-down, from theory to data) and an inductive (bottom-up, from data to theory) approach. The resulting categorization schemes differ in substance. Research outcomes are typically assessed by using bibliometric methods, such as citation counts and patterns, or alternative metrics, such as references to research in the media. Shortcomings with these methods are their inability to identify impact of research beyond academia (bibliometrics) and considering text-based impact indicators beyond those that capture attention (altmetrics). We address these limitations by leveraging a mixed-methods approach for eliciting impact categories from experts, project personnel (deductive) and texts (inductive). Using these categories, we label a corpus of project reports per category schema, and apply supervised machine learning to infer these categories from project reports. The classification results show that we can predict deductively and inductively derived impact categories with 76.39% and 78.81% accuracy (F1-score), respectively. Our approach can complement solutions from bibliometrics and scientometrics for assessing the impact of research and studying the scope and types of advancements transferred from academia to society.
The user interfaces for corpus analysis platforms must provide a high degree of accessibility for ordinary users and at the same time provide the possibility to answer complex research questions. In this paper, we present the design concepts behind the user interface of KorAP, a corpus analysis platform that has evolved into the main gateway to CoRoLa, the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Romanian Language. Based on established principles of user interface design, we show how KorAP addresses the challenge of providing a user-friendly interface for heterogeneous corpus data to a wide range of users with different research questions.
The article shows how the topic of dictionaries can be dealt with in German language teaching and how this subject has the potential to acquaint learners with a descriptive and data-driven perspective on language. The project Denkwerk, realized as cooperation among the Institute for German Language, the University of Mannheim and two regional secondary schools, fostered the students’ intellectual
curiosity and their interest in discovering linguistic details. Using empirical methods like corpus analysis, pupils learned both how to write wiki-based dictionary articles on their own and how to publish them in the Denktionary, the dictionary of the project. Our contribution describes the didactic and organisational framework of the project, its aims and contents, its schedule of events, as well as the structure of dictionary articles in the Denktionary, and the observed advantages of such a wikibased system.
The actual or anticipated impact of research projects can be documented in scientific publications and project reports. While project reports are available at varying level of accessibility, they might be rarely used or shared outside of academia. Moreover, a connection between outcomes of actual research project and potential secondary use might not be explicated in a project report. This paper outlines two methods for classifying and extracting the impact of publicly funded research projects. The first method is concerned with identifying impact categories and assigning these categories to research projects and their reports by extension by using subject matter experts; not considering the content of research reports. This process resulted in a classification schema that we describe in this paper. With the second method which is still work in progress, impact categories are extracted from the actual text data.
Ein Defizit der lexikographischen Methodologie liegt in der fehlenden Berücksichtigung der historischen, sozialen und politischen Gebundenheit von Wörterbüchern vor, obwohl die Wörterbuchkritik seit dem 19. Jh. immer wieder darauf aufmerksam gemacht hat. In der Perspektive der Benutzer besitzen Wörterbücher eine aspektenreiche kulturelle Semiotik, die mit dem hermeneutischen Charakter lexikologisch-lexikographischen Arbeitens zusammenhängt. Ausgehend vom Modell der Hermeneutik wird dafür plädiert, »Verstehenskompetenz« anstelle von »Sprachkompetenz« (des Linguisten) als Kategorie in die Theorie der Lexikographie einzuführen.
Some grammatical phenomena that only seldom appear in the corpora of written language often coincide with Speakers' uncertainty about a given form's grammatical Status. Such display of uncertainty is often subject to prescriptive criticism, which pays little attention to actual usage. However, thorough and discriminating corpus analyses can help in a proper description of various low-frequency phenomena and in situating them more adequately in the grammatical System, against the background of different contexts, communicative situations, and language varieties. To exemplify this potential, this study examines three linguistic phenomena in German, using a corpus-based approach: the dative singular ending -e, the construction aus aller Herren Länder, which lacks the dative plural ending -t and the non-standard preterite form frug. The results can be seen as a contribution to a more precise grammatical description on the one hand and, on the other, as a basis for an improved, more usage-oriented approach in providing practical advice to language users.
The KorAP project (“Korpusanalyseplattform der nächste Generation”, “Corpus-analysis platform of the next generation”), carried out at the Institut fUr Deutsche Sprache (IDS) in Mannheim, Germany, has as its goal the development of a modem, state-of-the-art corpus-analysis platform, capable of handling very large corpora and opening the perspectives for innovative linguistic research. The platform will facilitate new linguistic findings by making it possible to manage and analyse extremely large amounts of primary data and annotations, while at the same time allowing an undistorted view of the primary un-annotated text, and thus fully satisfying expectations associated with a scientific tool. The project started in July 2011 and is funded till June 2014. The demo presentation in December will be the first version following a preliminary feature freeze, and will open the alpha testing phase of the project.
This paper presents two toolsets for transcribing and annotating spoken language: the EXMARaLDA system, developed at the University of Hamburg, and the FOLK tools, developed at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim. Both systems are targeted at users interested in the analysis of spontaneous, multi-party discourse. Their main user community is situated in conversation analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics and related fields. The paper gives an overview of the individual tools of the two systems – the Partitur-Editor, a tool for multi-level annotation of audio or video recordings, the Corpus Manager, a tool for creating and administering corpus metadata, EXAKT, a query and analysis tool for spoken language corpora, FOLKER, a transcription editor optimized for speed and efficiency of transcription, and OrthoNormal, a tool for orthographical normalization of transcription data. It concludes with some thoughts about the integration of these tools into the larger tool landscape.