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Im Dialog übernehmen Sprecher fortlaufend Wörter, grammatische Konstruktionen und andere sprachliche Strukturen ihrer Gesprächsteilnehmer. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich diesem Phänomen der dialogischen Resonanz aus drei verschiedenen Blickwinkeln: aus der Sicht der Dialogischen Syntax von Du Bois, der Kognitiven Grammatik Langackers und der Konstruktionsgrammatik. Anhand von Resonanzsequenzen aus dem österreichischen Parlament wird zunächst die strukturelle und funktionale Breite und Varianz der dialogischen Resonanzherstellung auf verschiedenen sprachlichen Ebenen beleuchtet. In einem zweiten Schritt stehen die der Resonanzherstellung unterliegenden kognitiven Mechanismen im Mittelpunkt. Dabei geht die Studie explizit paradigmenübergreifend vor und kombiniert Methoden der Gesprächsanalyse mit Theorien und Konzepten der Kognitiven Linguistik. In diesem Sinne situiert sich die Studie in dem noch jungen Feld der Interaktionalen Kognitiven Linguistik, deren Potenzial, aber auch deren Grenzen abschließend kritisch diskutiert werden.
A constructicon, i.e., a structured inventory of constructions, essentially aims at documenting functions of lexical and grammatical constructions. Among other parameters, so-called constructional collo-profiles, as introduced by Herbst (2018, 2020), are conclusive for determining constructional meanings. They provide information on how relevant individual words are for construction slots, they hint at usage preferences of constructions and serve as a helpful indicator for semantic peculiarities of constructions. However, even though collo-profiles constitute an indispensable component of constructicon entries, they pose major challengers for constructicographers: For a constructicographic enterprise it is not feasible to conduct collostructional analyses for hundreds or even thousands of constructions. In this article, we introduce a procedure based on the large language model BERT that allows to predict collo-profiles without having to extensively annotate instances of constructions in a given corpus. Specifically, by discussing the constructions X macht Y ADJP (‘x makes Y ADJ’, e.g. he drives him crazy) and N1 PREP N1 (e.g., bumper to bumper, constructions over constructions), we show how the developed automated system generates collo-profiles based on a limited number of annotated instances. Finally, we place collo-profiles alongside other dimensions of constructional meanings included in the German Constructicon.
Poetic diction routinely involves two complementary classes of features: (i) parallelisms, i.e. repetitive patterns (rhyme, metre, alliteration, etc.) that enhance the predictability of upcoming words, and (ii) poetic deviations that challenge standard expectations/predictions regarding regular word form and order. The present study investigated how these two prediction-modulating fundamentals of poetic diction affect the cognitive processing and aesthetic evaluation of poems, humoristic couplets and proverbs. We developed quantitative measures of these two groups of text features. Across the three text genres, higher deviation scores reduced both comprehensibility and aesthetic liking whereas higher parallelism scores enhanced these. The positive effects of parallelism are significantly stronger than the concurrent negative effects of the features of deviation. These results are in accord with the hypothesis that art reception involves an interplay of prediction errors and prediction error minimization, with the latter paving the way for processing fluency and aesthetic liking.
Das Wort als das wichtigste und ureigenste Element des Sprachsystems wird in der modernen Linguistik als linguistische Einheit unter phonetisch/phonologischem, orthographischem, morphologischem, syntaktischem und semantischem Kriterium untersucht und beschrieben. Wenn man jedoch der Frage nachgeht, wie ein Wort rein physikalisch entsteht und besteht, wird man feststellen, dass alles auf die Energie zurückgeht. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten wäre es daher angebracht, unseren linguistischen Blickwinkel zu ändern und das Wort nicht nur als linguistische Einheit sondern auch als Energieträger aufzufassen und die energietragende Funktion des Wortes bzw. der Sprache im Zusammenhang mit der heutigen Wissenschaft und den religiösen und mystischen Betrachtungen zu untersuchen.
This paper first argues that the distinction between Propositions and States-of-Affairs is significant for understanding a number of linguistic contrasts, including contrasts between nominalizations, complement clauses, readings of modal infinitives, raising constructions, illocutions and moods, relative clauses, and nouns. Subsequently, the paper outlines a cognitive linguistic model of the distinction, according to which Propositions and States-of-Affairs differ in terms of construal. Both prompt Langackerian “processes”, but only Propositions prompt a construal of these processes as referential. The paper argues that this model has a number of advantages over a traditional, denotational understanding of the distinction.
What is the subject of German linguistics? This seemingly simple question has no obvious answer. In the ZGL’s first issue, the editors required contributions to cover the whole of the German language and to be theoretically sound but application-orientated, whereas the current ZGL-homepage defines the German language of present and history in all its differentiations as its subject matter.
Looking through the fifty volumes of ZGL, three relationships can be identified as presumably enlightening the role of language, in particular the German language: language and mind; language and language use; language and culture. Though of a different systematic type, language and data should be added as an increasingly important pairing for conceptualizing language. On this basis, I also discuss the position of linguistic studies of the German language, mirrored in the ZGL-volumes, between social, cultural and natural sciences, as well as the corresponding epistemic approaches – like explaining vs. understanding.
Frame
(2018)
mentales Lexikon
(2018)
konzeptuelle Basisebene
(2018)
Konzeptualisierung
(2018)