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In diesem Beitrag soll eine dynamische Zeitlogik skizziert werden, die eine Analyse der deutschen Tempora über den Satzrahmen hinaus ermöglicht. Basis dieser Darstellung soll eine Reichenbachianische Analyse der Deutschen Tempora sein.
Zunächst wird eine Sprache ADETAL angegeben (Adverbial erweiterte temporale Aussagenlogik). Für diese Sprache wird eine Semantik im Stile Reichenbachs formuliert. Diese erweist sich als adäquat zur Beschreibung einzelner Sätze. Um auch noch die temporale Struktur von Sätzen zu beschreiben, werden wir eine dynamische Perspektive entwickeln, indem wir Ideen aus der Dynamischen Prädikatenlogik von Groenendijk/Stokhof aufgreifen. Schließlich soll das System bei der Analyse eines Textausschnitts auf die Probe gestellt werden.
In the first part of this contribution, we will present, as a starting point for the following discussions, a simple formal language P containing one stative predicate. We will then discuss, on an intuitive level, how a treatment of predicates of change could be conceived, and how the progressive could be rendered in a formal language.
We will then give a formal definition of a language, TP1, based on P, and we will construct a semantics for TP1, which incorporates the ideas discussed.
We continue the study of the reproducibility of Propp’s annotations from Bod et al. (2012). We present four experiments in which test subjects were taught Propp’s annotation system; we conclude that Propp’s system needs a significant amount of training, but that with sufficient time investment, it can be reliably trained for simple tales.
The paper investigates the evolution of document grammars from a linguistic point of view. Document grammars have been developed in the past decades in order to formalize knowledge on the structure of textual information. A well-known instance of a document grammar is the »Document Type Definition« (DTD) as part of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). DTDs allow to define so-called tree grammars that constrain the application of tag-sets in the process of annotation of a document. In an XML-based document workflow, DTDs play a crucial role for validation and transforming huge amounts of texts in standardized data formats. An interesting point in the development of XML DTDs is the fact that the restriction of the formal expressiveness paved the way to understand the formal properties of document grammars better and to develop more a powerful version like XML Schema recently. In this sense, the simplicity of the original approach, resulting from the necessary restriction of previous approaches, yielded new complexity on formally understood grounds.