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Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion im lexikographischen Prozess zu lexikalischen Informationssystemen
(2022)
Dictionaries of today and tomorrow are rather digital products than print dictionaries. From the user’s perspective, electronic dictionary applications and in particular „lexical information systems“, also referred to as „digital word information systems“ are coming to the fore alongside Google searches. Given the rapid developments in the area of the automated provision of lexicographic information, more precisely the automatic creation of online dictionaries, the new role of the lexicographer in the modern lexicographic process is questionable. This article addresses this issue.
This think-aloud study charts the use of online resources by five final-year MA students in Nordic and Literacy Studies based on the analysis of screen and audio recordings of an error-correction task. The article briefly presents some linguistic features of Norwegian Nynorsk that are not common in the context of other European languages, that is, norm optionality with regards to inflection and spelling. While performing the task, the participants were allowed to use all digital aids. This article examines their resource consultation behavior, and it makes use of Laporte/Gilquin’s (2018) annotation protocol. The following research questions are posed: What online resources are used by the students? What characterizes the use? Are online resources helpful? This study provides new insights into an as yet little explored topic within the Norwegian context. The findings demonstrate that the participants relied heavily on the official monolingual dictionary Nynorskordboka. Indeed, the dictionary was helpful in the vast majority of the searches, either resulting in error improvement or the validation of a word; that is, many of the searches considered correct words. The findings suggest severe norm insecurity and emphasize the need to improve norm knowledge and metalinguistic knowledge as prerequisites for better utilization of aids. It is also suggested to include necessary information on norm optionality and other commonly queried issues in the dictionary architecture.
The grammatical information system grammis combines descriptive texts on German grammar with dictionaries of specific word classes and grammatical terminology. In this paper, we describe the first attempts at analyzing user behavior for an online grammar of the German language and the implementation of an analysis and data extraction tool based on Matomo, a web analytics tool. We focus on the analysis of the keywords the users search for, either within grammis or via an external search platform like Google, and the analysis of the interaction between the text components within grammis and the integrated dictionaries. The overall results show that about 50% of the searches are for grammatical terms, and that the users shift from texts to dictionaries, mainly by using the integrated links to the dictionary of terminology within the texts. Based on these findings, we aim to improve grammis by extending its integrated dictionaries.
Grammatikographie mit Neuen Medien: Erfahrungen beim Aufbau eines grammatischen Informationssystems
(1997)
In 1993, a research group at the Institut für deutsche Sprache (Mannheim) began to develop a Hypermedia grammar. It integrates components of the comprehensive Grammatik der Deutschen Sprache of the IdS into an interactive information system called GRAMMIS (»Grundlagen eines grammatischen Informationssystems«). After some background considerations, the design of the system is presented, and the functioning of some of the components is illustrated. Parts of its present version, Grammis-3, are also accessible via Internet. Practical experiences so far are very encouraging. The paper concludes with a discussion of future prospects.
The paper deals with the conversion of linear text into non-linear hypertext. It discusses the following issues from a textlinguistic viewpoint: How to segment linear text into hypertext units? What are the guidelines for interrelating these hypertext units by hyperlinks? A two-stage conversion method will be proposed and illustrated by examples from the GRAMMIS project in which a German grammar book is transformed into hypertext: Within the first methodical stage (functional-holistic text analysis) the linear text is segmented and analyzed with regard to its structural properties. Within the second stage the resulting text segments are transformed into hypertext units and interrelated by hyperlinks in accordance with the results of the functional-holistic text analyses. The method is particularly useful for non-standardized text types, which cannot be converted automatically on the basis of form-oriented features.
GrammIs ist ein multimediales Informationssystem zur deutschen Grammatik, das seit Mitte 1993 am Institut für deutsche Sprache (IDS) entwickelt wird. Der vorliegende Aufsatz skizziert zunächst die Architektur des Informationssystems und diskutiert die Vorteile eines solchen Systems im Vergleich zur traditionellen Buchform. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie bei der Konzeption und Entwicklung des Prototypen GrammIs-1 versucht wurde, durch methodisch reflektierte Konversion des Ausgangstextes, durch die Verwendung intuitiv eingänglicher Benutzermetaphern und durch Navigationsangebote, die sich flexibel auf die unterschiedliche Computererfahrung verschiedener Benutzer einstellen, eine einfach bedienbare Hypermedia-Anwendung zu entwickeln, die im Vergleich zum grammatischen Ausgangstext tatsächlich den vielbeschworenen „informationellen Mehrwert“ aufweist.