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In this contribution we analyse how mobile device users in face-to-face communication jointly negotiate the boundaries and action spaces between digital and non-digital, shared and individual, public and private. Instead of conceptualising digital and face-to-face, i. e., non-digital, communication as separate, more recent research emphasises that social practices relying on mobile devices increasingly connect physical and virtual communicative spaces. Using multimodal conversation analysis, we investigate the situated use of mobile devices and media in social interaction. Excerpts from videotaped everyday conversations illustrate how participants frame their smartphone use in the presence of others, such as when looking at digital pictures, or when recording voice messages. A detailed analysis of verbal and embodied conduct shows how participants negotiate and interpret the connection or separation of digital and non-digital activities and possible forms of participation within these. (Digital) publicness or privacy are therefore to be understood as an interactive accomplishment.
‘Can’ and ‘must’-type modal verbs in the direct sanctioning of misconduct across European languages
(2023)
Deontic meanings of obligation and permissibility have mostly been studied in relation to modal verbs, even though researchers are aware that such meanings can be conveyed in other ways (consider, for example, the contributions to Nuyts/van der Auwera (eds.) 2016). This presentation reports on an ongoing project that examines deontic meaning but takes as its starting point not a type of linguistic structure but a particular kind of social moment that presumably attracts deontic talk: The management of potentially ‚unacceptable‘ or untoward actions (taking the last bread roll at breakfast, making a disallowed move during a board game, etc.). Data come from a multi-language parallel video corpus of everyday social interaction in English, German, Italian, and Polish. Here, we focus on moments in which one person sanctions another’s behavior as unacceptable. Using interactional-linguistic methods (Couper-Kuhlen/Selting 2018), we examine similarities and differences across these four languages in the use of modal verbs as part of such sanctioning attempts. First results suggest that modal verbs are not as common in the sanctioning of misconduct as one might expect. Across the four languages, only between 10%–20% of relevant sequences involve a modal verb. Most of the time, in this context, speakers achieve deontic meaning in other ways (e.g., infinitives such as German nicht so schmatzen, ‚no smacking‘). This raises the question what exactly modal verbs, on those relatively rare occasions when they are used, contribute to the accomplishment of deontic meaning. The reported study pursues this question in two ways: 1) By considering similarities across languages in the ways that modal verbs interact with other (verbal) means in the sanctioning of misconduct.; 2) By considering differences across languages in the use of modal verbs. Here, we find that the relevant modal verbs are used similarly in some activity contexts (enforcing rules during board games), but less so in other activity contexts (mundane situations with no codified rules). In sum, the presented study adds to cross-linguistically grounded knowledge about deontic meaning and its relationships to linguistics structures.
Der Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse des Projekts „Deutsch im Beruf: Die sprachlich-kommunikative Integration der Flüchtlinge“, das am Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) durchgeführt wird. Im ersten Teil wird auf die zweistufige Sprachstandserhebung in den allgemeinen Integrationskursen eingegangen, die zusammen mit dem Goethe-Institut umgesetzt wurde. Bei der ersten Erhebung zu Beginn der Kurse wurden mit einer Tabletumfrage die Sozialdaten und Sprachenbiografien der Teilnehmenden erhoben. Bei der zweiten Erhebung am Ende der gleichen Kurse ging es darum, mit Hilfe der Analyse von Sprachaufnahmen das erreichte mündliche Kompetenzniveau der Teilnehmenden zu ermitteln. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags stellen wir Ergebnisse unserer ethnografisch-gesprächsanalytischen Feldstudien vor, die wir in verschiedenen Arbeitskontexten wie Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, duale Berufsausbildung und betriebliche Praktika durchgeführt haben. In Bezug auf die zentralen Fragen zu gegenseitiger Verständigung und der Sprachvermittlung am Arbeitsplatz konnten wir im Rahmen unserer Ethnografien drei prototypische Praktiken feststellen, auf die wir näher eingehen: a) „kaum Verständnissicherung und Sprachvermittlung“, b) „ad-hoc Verständnissicherung und Sprachvermittlung“ und c) „systematische Verständnissicherung und Sprachvermittlung“. Des Weiteren fokussieren wir im letzten Teil des Beitrags die Ergebnisse unserer ethnografischen Langzeitstudie zu Betriebspraktika von studierenden Geflüchteten. Anhand der Untersuchung von Reparaturen zeigt sich hier die Entwicklung der interaktionalen Kompetenz eines L2-Sprechers, die mit einer zunehmenden kommunikativen Integration in Teamgesprächen einhergeht.
Cette contribution propose une analyse qualitative et quantitative des reformulations sur des données interactionnelles. Pour la constitution du corpus d’étude, nous nous appuyons sur un outil de détection automatique des hétéro-répétitions, considérées comme indices de reformulation. Après avoir illustré les éléments qui ont présidé à la conception de l’outil, nous présentons le paramétrage de cette ressource, que nous avons testée sur quatre enregistrements de la base de données CLAPI. Cette étude souligne la pertinence de l’approche interactionnelle dans l’analyse des hétéro-répétitions, en en montrant les fonctionnalités multiples, notamment dans les pratiques de reformulation dans la conversation.
The term “pivot” usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot’s action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action.
The human ability to anticipate upcoming behavior not only enables smooth turn transitions but also makes early responses possible, as respondents use a variety of cues that provide for early projection of the type of action that is being performed. This article examines resources for projection in interaction in three unrelated languages—Finnish, Japanese, and Mandarin—in sequences where speakers make evaluative assertions on a topic. The focus is on independently agreeing responses initiated in early overlap. Our cross-linguistic analysis reveals that while projection based on the ongoing turn-constructional unit relies on language-specific grammatical constructions, projection based on the larger context seems to be less language-dependent. A crucial finding is that in the target sequences, stances taken toward the topic already during earlier talk, as well as other structural patterns, are among the resources that recipients use for projecting how and when the ongoing turn will end.
This special issue investigates early responses—responsive actions that (start to) unfold while the production of the responded-to turn and action is still under way. Although timing in human conduct has gained intense interest in research, the early production of responsive actions has so far largely remained unexplored. But what makes early responses possible? What do such responses tell us about the complex interplay between syntax, prosody, and embodied conduct? And what sorts of actions do participants accomplish by means of such early responses? By addressing these questions, the special issue seeks to offer new advances in the systematic analysis of temporal organization in interaction, contributing to broader discussions in the language and cognitive sciences as to the social coordination of human conduct.
Our study deals with early bodily responses to directives (requests and instructions, i.e., second pair parts [SPPs]) produced before the first pair part (FPP) is complete. We show how early bodily SPPs build on the properties of an emerging FPP. Our focus is on the successive incremental coordination of components of the FPP with components of the SPP. We show different kinds of micro-sequential relationships between FPP and SPP: successive specification of the SPP building on the resources that the FPP makes available, the readjustment or repair of the SPP in response to the emerging FPP, and reflexive micro sequential adaptions of the FPP to an early SPP. This article contributes to our understanding of the origins of projection in interaction and of the relationship between sequentially and simultaneity in interaction. Data are video-recordings from interaction in German.
Mein Beitrag entstand im Rahmen meiner biografie- und interaktionsanalytischen Studie zu sozialen und sprachlichen Erfahrungen junger „Rückkehrer/innen“, d. h. junger Frauen und Männer türkischer Herkunft, die in Deutschland oder Österreich aufwuchsen, und als Jugendliche bzw. junge Erwachsene in die Türkei migrierten. Furkan, der Informant, den ich hier vorstelle, schildert Ausgrenzungserfahrungen in Deutschland aufgrund seiner ethnischen Herkunft und Anpassungsprobleme in der Türkei aufgrund sprachlicher und sozialer Auffälligkeiten. Ziel meiner Analyse ist es, die verschiedenen Phasen seiner Lebensgeschichte in beiden Lebenswelten zu beschreiben, den Zusammenhang zwischen Ausgrenzungserlebnissen, ihrer Deutung und ihrer narrativen Bewältigung zu rekonstruieren und die Unterschiede zwischen der Schilderung in beiden Lebenswelten herauszuarbeiten. Auf dieser Basis lässt sich die narrative Bewältigung der Erlebnisse in Kindheit und früher Jugend in Deutschland mit Erzählformen für Traumata in Beziehung setzen.
How Do Speakers Define the Meaning of Expressions? The Case of German x heißt y (“x means y”)
(2020)
To secure mutual understanding in interaction, speakers sometimes explain or negotiate expressions. Adopting a conversation analytic and interaction linguistic approach, I examine how participants explain which kinds of expressions in different sequential environments, using the format x heißt y (“x means y”). When speakers use it to clarify technical terms or foreign words that are unfamiliar to co-participants, they often provide a situationally anchored definition that however is rather context-free and therefore transferable to future situations. When they explain common (but indexical, ambiguous, polysemous, or problematic) expressions instead, speakers always design their explanation strongly connected to the local context, building on situational circumstances. I argue that x heißt y definitions in interaction do not meet the requirements of scientific or philosophical definitions but that this is irrelevant for the situational exigencies speakers face.