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Sprachliche 'Fehler'
(2013)
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Frage ‚Was ist ein sprachlicher Fehler?‘ aus linguistischer Sicht behandelt. Nach einigen Vorbemerkungen zum Fehlerbegriff geht es im ersten Abschnitt zunächst um das Problem der Fehlerkorrektur. Danach wird das Thema ‚sprachliche Fehler‘ im Kontext der Forschung zu Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit verortet. Diese Betrachtung des Medialitätsaspekts führt zum Thema ‚Standardsprachlichkeit‘ und zu der Frage, inwiefern ein Standardbegriff auf gesprochene Sprache überhaupt sinnvoll anwendbar ist. Im vierten Abschnitt werden auf der Basis des Argumentationsgangs zwei allgemeine Thesen zum Problem des sprachlichen Fehlers formuliert und erläutert.
In the present article we argue that all communication is medial in the sense that every human sign-based interaction is shaped by medial aspects from the outset. We propose a dynamic, semiotic concept of media that focuses on the process-related aspect of mediality, and we test the applicability of this concept using as an example the second presidential debate between Clinton and Trump in 2016. The analysis shows in detail how the sign processing during the debate is continuously shaped by structural aspects of television and specific traits of political communication in television. This includes how the camerawork creates meaning and how the protagonists both use the affordances of this special mediality. Therefore, it is not adequate in our view to separate the technical aspects of the medium, the ‘hardware’, from the processual aspects and the structural conditions of communication. While some aspects of the interaction are directly constituted by the medium, others are more indirectly shaped and influenced by it, especially by its institutional dimension – we understand them as second-order media effects. The whole medial procedure with its specific mediality is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of meaning-making. We distinguish the medial procedure from the semiotic modes employed, the language games played and the competence of the players involved.