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In this paper, we present the concept and the results of two studies addressing (potential) users of monolingual German online dictionaries, such as www.elexiko.de. Drawing on the example of elexiko, the aim of those studies was to collect empirical data on possible extensions of the content of monolingual online dictionaries, e.g. the search function, to evaluate how users comprehend the terminology of the user interface, to find out which types of information are expected to be included in each specific lexicographic module and to investigate general questions regarding the function and reception of examples illustrating the use of a word. The design and distribution of the surveys is comparable to the studies described in the chapters 5-8 of this volume. We also explain, how the data obtained in our studies were used for further improvement of the elexiko-dictionary.
Mit den hier zusammengefassten Überlegungen wird ein Problem aufgegriffen, das sich in der germanistisch-philologischen Fachdiskussion durchaus stellt, nämlich, ob es einen Unterschied zwischen Namen und Wörtern gibt. Dieser spiegelt sich etwa im Unterschied zwischen Namenbüchern einerseits und Wörterbüchern andererseits wieder. Hier wird weiter von der auf lexikalische beziehungsweise onomastische Eigenschaften konzentrierten Behandlung von Wörtern oder Namen jeweils auch eine eher enzyklopädische Darstellung der durch die Wörter oder Namen bezeichneten Phänomene unterschieden.
In this paper, we discuss an efficient method of (semi-automatic) neologism detection for German and its application for the production of a dictionary of neologisms, focusing on the lexicographic process. By monitoring the language via editorial (print and online) media evaluation and interpreting the findings on the basis of lexicographic competence, many, but not all neologisms can be identified which qualify for inclusion in the Neologismenworterbuch (2006-today) at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim (IDS). In addition, an automated corpus linguistic method offers neologism candidates based on a systematic analysis of large amounts of text to lexicographers. We explain the principles of the corpus linguistic compilation of a list of candidates and show how lexicographers work with the results, combining them with their own findings in order to continuously enlarge this specialized online dictionary of new words in German.
This paper presents some results from an online survey regarding the functions and presentation of lexicographically compiled and automatically compiled corpus citations in a general monolingual e-dictionary of German (elexico). Our findings suggest that dictionary users have a clear understanding of the functions of corpus citations in lexicography.
Some structures in printed dictionaries also occur in online dictionaries, some do not occur, some need to be adapted whereas new structures may be introduced in online dictionaries. This paper looks at one type of structure, known in printed dictionaries as outer texts. It is argued that the notions of a frame structure and front and back matter texts do not apply to online dictionaries. The data distribution in online dictionaries does not only target the dictionary articles. There are components outside the word list section of the dictionary. These components are not always texts. They could e.g. also be video clips. Consequently the notion of outer texts in printed dictionaries is substituted by the notion of outer features in online dictionaries. This paper shows how outer features help to constitute a feature compound. The outer features in eight online dictionaries are discussed. Where the users guidelines text is a compulsory outer text in printed dictionaries it seems that an equivalent feature is often eschewed in online dictionaries. A distinction is made between dictionary-internal and dictionary-external outer features, illustrating that outer features can be situated in other sources than the specific dictionary. More research is needed to formulate models for online features that can play a comprehensive role in online dictionaries.
Dieser Beitrag behandelt primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Quellen in der Lexikographie und beschreibt insbesondere ihre Nutzung für die Erarbeitung des deutschsprachigen Online-Wörterbuches elexiko. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele wird die lexikographische Praxis im Umgang mit sehr unterschiedlichen Quellen in diesem Projekt deutlich. Zugleich wird über die unterschiedlichen Definitionen von ‘Quelle’ in der Sprachwissenschaft wie in den Geschichtswissenschaften nachgedacht.
The lexicography of German
(2020)
This chapter discusses the main dictionaries of the German language as it is spoken and written in Germany, and also German as it is spoken and written in Austria, Switzerland, the eastern fringes of Belgium, and South Tyrol. It also briefly describes Pennsylvania German. Corpora and other language resources used in German dictionary-making are also presented. Finally, there is a discussion of some current issues in German lexicography, as well as future prospects.
Beginnend mit der Vergangenheit, nämlich mit einem Rückblick auf die allgemeine Konzeption für die Wortbildungsangaben in elexiko, einem im Aufbau befindlichen Online-Wörterbuch zum Gegenwartsdeutschen, wird in dem Beitrag anhand einiger Beispiele aus elexiko-Wortartikeln gezeigt, wie die Angaben zur Gebildetheit der Stichwörter in elexiko gegenwärtig umgesetzt sind und wie die vorhandenen Recherchemöglichkeiten in diesem Bereich ausgebaut werden könnten. Anschließend wird erläutert, um welche anderen Angaben die Angabe zur Gebildetheit des Stichwortes zukünftig ergänzt werden kann, wobei dies auf die Frage der Lemmatisierung von Wortbildungselementen in elexiko beschränkt bleibt. Zugleich stellen einige Beispiele mit Wortbildungsangaben aus anderen Online-Wörterbüchern eine Vergleichsbasis für elexiko dar. Insgesamt will der Beitrag anhand verschiedener Einblicke in die Praxis der Erarbeitung von Wortbildungsangaben in Online-Wörterbüchern dazu beitragen, sowohl Praxis wie Theorie solcher Angaben im elektronischen Wörterbuch zu diskutieren.
This survey describes the practice of dictionary criticism in German philological periodicals. It focuses on reviews of general dictionaries of contemporary German as well as of historical dictionaries of German. Our results show that only a few reference works are reviewed by only a small group of reviewers, and different volumes of dictionaries are not necessarily reviewed systematically. On the criteria for the selection of the reviewed dictionaries one can only speculate. All in all, this rather unsystematic review practice can be interpreted as a disregard of the work of lexicographers, as a neglect of the interests of potential dictionary users, and as a sad disinterest of philologists in lexicographic work.