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Einleitung
(2020)
A corpus-based academic grammar of German is an enormous undertaking, especially if it aims at using state-of-the-art methodology while ensuring that its study results are verifiable. The Bausteine-series, which is being developed at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language (IDS), presents individual “building blocks” for such a grammar. In addition to the peer-reviewed texts, the series publishes the results of statistical analyses and, for selected topics, the underlying data sets.
Einleitung
(2017)
Einleitung
(2019)
Endungsvariation
(2014)
Flexionsmorphologie
(2004)
In recent years, the availability of large annotated and searchable corpora, together with a new interest in the empirical foundation and validation of linguistic theory and description, has sparked a surge of novel and interesting work using corpus-based methods to study the grammar of natural languages. However, a look at relevant current research on the grammar of the Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages reveals a variety of different theoretical approaches and empirical foci, which can be traced back to different philological and linguistic traditions. Still, this current state of affairs should not be seen as an obstacle but as an ideal basis for a fruitful exchange of ideas between different research paradigms.
This chapter begins with a sketch of the specifics of our approach, an overview of the contents of the chapters on word formation and some methodological notes. It then discusses the general characteristics of word formations and of their overall inventory, comparing word formations to primary words. Furthermore, the chapter explores the relative frequencies of word formations in different vocabulary areas and traces the word formation profiles of individual parts of speech. Finally, it compiles the characteristic word formation rules for different parts of speech.
Der Korpuslinguistik begegneten überwiegend introspektiv arbeitende Grammatiktheoretiker lange mit Misstrauen. Dabei kann sie, auch wenn sie selbst kein bestimmtes theoretisches Paradigma vorgibt, in sehr vielfältiger Weise zur Theoriebildung beitragen. Zum einen können mithilfe von Korpora theoretische Aussagen exemplifiziert und validiert werden. Zum anderen liefert die Korpuslinguistik große Mengen differenzierter Sprachdaten sowie Methoden, mit denen sie überschaut und analysiert werden können. Neue Daten müssen theoretisch in neuen Generalisierungen aufgearbeitet werden und auch die Datenvielfalt selbst rückt in den theoretischen Fokus. Die Grammatikforschung erfährt so eine empirische Wende, in der die Variation grammatischer Strukturen zu einem der zentralen Themen wird. Die theoretische Erfassung dieser Variation geht dabei weit über die Grenzen einer klassischen Theorie der Sprachkompetenz hinaus. Immer dringlicher wird damit eine neue wissenschaftliche Grammatik des Deutschen, die diese Entwicklung aufnimmt, sich den neuen Forschungsfragen stellt, sie mit modernen korpuslinguistischen Methoden untersucht und damit die Grundlagen für eine umfassende Theorie schafft, in der Kompetenz und Performanz (wie auch Synchronie und Diachronie) näher aneinanderrücken.
Some grammatical phenomena that only seldom appear in the corpora of written language often coincide with Speakers' uncertainty about a given form's grammatical Status. Such display of uncertainty is often subject to prescriptive criticism, which pays little attention to actual usage. However, thorough and discriminating corpus analyses can help in a proper description of various low-frequency phenomena and in situating them more adequately in the grammatical System, against the background of different contexts, communicative situations, and language varieties. To exemplify this potential, this study examines three linguistic phenomena in German, using a corpus-based approach: the dative singular ending -e, the construction aus aller Herren Länder, which lacks the dative plural ending -t and the non-standard preterite form frug. The results can be seen as a contribution to a more precise grammatical description on the one hand and, on the other, as a basis for an improved, more usage-oriented approach in providing practical advice to language users.
Numerus
(2012)