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Current working practice of established German dictionaries incorporates large corpora as the basis of most analyses, descriptions and presentations. It is, however, individual lexicological and/or different corpus-methodological approaches that play a crucial role in the process of extracting and documenting lexicographic information in individual reference works. This paper addresses the question of how reliable information is in some electronic German dictionaries. Objects of our investigation are different types of corpus dictionaries, e.g. a digitized dictionary, a reference work that compiles its data fully automatically, a lexicographic system combining different electronic resources, and a corpus-assisted dictionary that examines and interprets its corpus data lexicographically. Critical examinations of such reference works inevitably come up with questions of authenticity and reliability of the given dictionary information. The advantages and disadvantages of various lexicographic or corpus-linguistic methods which are individually implemented will be outlined and critically analyzed with the help of examples. According to an extensive study (cf. Müller-Spitzer 2011) reliability of given information is one of the key criteria assigned to any reference work by users. We will elicit how different corpus methods expose different descriptions of natural discourse and how they answer questions of authenticity, typicality and reliability with regard to phenomena such as meaning spectrum, collocations, antonymy and hyperonymy. Overall, this paper is a critical account of the current German lexicographic developments. It will include discussions on meta-lexicographic demands and focus on whether there are suitable complementary corpus approaches providing authentic dictionary information to a satisfactory extent.
elexiko (www.elexiko.de) ist ein am Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim entstehendes Online-Wörterbuch zur deutschen Sprache. Die methodische Basis für die redaktionelle, lexikografische Erarbeitung von Wortartikeln ist das Prinzip der Korpusbasiertheit. Voraussetzung für dessen methodische Umsetzung ist, dass für jedes Stichwort (und seine Lesarten) Belege in ausreichender Anzahl und Qualität im elexiko-Korpus vorhanden sind. Um das zu gewährleisten wurde auch die Stichwortliste komplett neu erstellt, und zwar auf der Basis von Korpora des geschriebenen Deutsch seit 1946. Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden grundsätzliche Gedanken zur Erarbeitung einer adäquaten Stichwortkonzeption im Rahmen eines Online-Wörterbuches dargelegt, Sonderfälle und Ausnahmen vorgestellt sowie die Vorgehensweise bei der korpusbasierten Erstellung der elexiko-Stichwortliste skizziert.
Elexiko is a lexicological-lexicographic, corpus-guided German Internet reference work (cf. www.elexiko.de). Compared to printed dictionaries, in elexiko, restrictions on space disappear. Specific comments on the use of a word do not need to be given in traditional abbreviated forms, like the so-called field labels or usage. In this paper, I will show its advantages for the description of the particular pragmatic characteristics of a word: I will argue that traditional labelling such as formal, informal, institutional, etc. cannot account for the comprehensive pragmatic dimension of a word and that these are not transparent, particularly for non-native speakers of German. The main focus of the paper will be on an alternative approach to this dictionary information-as suggested by elexiko. I will demonstrate how narrative, descriptive and user friendly notes can be formulated for the explanation of the discursive contextual embedding or tendencies of evaluative use. I will outline how lexicographers can derive such information from language data in an underlying corpus which was designed and compiled for specific lexicographic purposes. Both, the theoretical-conceptual ideas and their lexicographic realisation in elexiko will be explained and illustrated with the help of relevant dictionary entries.