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Bild-Makros, auch unter dem Begriff Memes bekannt, sind populäre Internetphänomene, die im Zuge der umfassenden Multimodalisierung der Medienkommunikation als Unterhaltungsangebote auf Facebook verbreitet und kommentiert werden. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet diese aus einer Kombination von Bild und Text bestehenden multimodalen Kommunikate aus einer gattungs- und gesprächsanalytischen Perspektive, da Bild- Makros sowohl in ihrer formalen und semantischen Gestaltung als auch in der interaktiven Rezeption in Form von Kommentaren und Antworten verfestigte Muster aufzuweisen scheinen. In dieser medial vermittelten Interaktion haben sich sowohl auf der strukturellen Ebene der Interaktionssequenzen als auch innerhalb einzelner, auf sequenzexterner und sequenzinterner Ebene analysierten Interaktionseinheiten verschiedene kommunikative Muster herausgebildet. Darin nehmen soziale Prozesse wie face-work und Identitätskonstruktion Einfluss auf die interaktive Aushandlung des Kommunikats.
Bericht über die 19. Arbeitstagung zur Gesprächsforschung vom 16. bis 18. März 2016 in Mannheim
(2016)
Bericht über die 19. Arbeitstagung zur Gesprächsforschung vom 16. bis 18. März 2016 in Mannheim
(2016)
Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.
In this paper, we describe preliminary results from an ongoing experiment wherein we classify two large unstructured text corpora—a web corpus and a newspaper corpus—by topic domain (or subject area). Our primary goal is to develop a method that allows for the reliable annotation of large crawled web corpora with meta data required by many corpus linguists. We are especially interested in designing an annotation scheme whose categories are both intuitively interpretable by linguists and firmly rooted in the distribution of lexical material in the documents. Since we use data from a web corpus and a more traditional corpus, we also contribute to the important field of corpus comparison and corpus evaluation. Technically, we use (unsupervised) topic modeling to automatically induce topic distributions over gold standard corpora that were manually annotated for 13 coarse-grained topic domains. In a second step, we apply supervised machine learning to learn the manually annotated topic domains using the previously induced topics as features. We achieve around 70% accuracy in 10-fold cross validations. An analysis of the errors clearly indicates, however, that a revised classification scheme and larger gold standard corpora will likely lead to a substantial increase in accuracy.
Wiegand’s opus magnum „Wörterbuchforschung“ ends with a chapter on the state and the relevant taslcs for research into dictionary use in the middle of the 1990s. This article aims at reflecting the taste and the relevance of dictionary usage research 20 years later. I will argue that the fundamentally changed lexicographic landscape makes it necessary to shift the focus of research. In my view, the most important aim of research into dictionary use can no longer be limited to improving dictionaries. Research into dictionary use should also raise more awareness for user- orientation in general and should provide methodological reflection to enlighten the increasingly important usage statistics for online dictionaries. Another goal should be to look behind the scenes of collaborative dictionaries in order to provide background data to classify their relevance in relation to dictionaries elaborated by lexicographic experts. The crisis of lexicography makes it also necessary to broaden our view and concentrate on situations in which linguistic questions arise. In this context, we could examine in which of these situations the consultation of lexicographic data helps. In summary, the aim of research into dictionary use is to identify the fields where sound lexicographic work is really helpful for potential users.