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We present some recent and planned future developments in EXMARaLDA, a system for creating, managing, analysing and publishing spoken language corpora. The new functionality concerns the areas of transcription and annotation, corpus management, query mechanisms, interoperability and corpus deployment. Future work is planned in the areas of automatic annotation, standardisation and workflow management.
High word frequency and neighborhood density contribute to the accuracy and speed of word production in English adults (e.g., Vitevitch & Sommers 2003), and characterize early words in child English (e.g., Storkel 2004). The present study investigated a speech corpus of child German (ages 2;00-3;00) to further the understanding of the influence of frequency and density on production. Results for four children suggest that, contrary to English, words produced early are not from denser neighborhoods in an adult lexicon than later words. As in English, frequent words are produced before less frequent words. Implications on theory and methodology are discussed.
We give an overview of the content and the technical background of a number of corpora which were developed in various projects of the Research Centre on Multilingualism (SFB 538) between 1999 and 2011 and which are now made available to the scientific community via the Hamburg Centre for Language Corpora.
Das Kicktionary ist ein dreisprachiges (deutsch-englisch-französisches) elektronisches Wörterbuch der Fußballsprache. Es basiert auf einem Korpus von geschriebenen Fußballberichten und (in geringerem Umfang) gesprochenen Fußballkommentaren und nutzt die Ideen der Framesemantik (Fillmore 1982, Fillmore et al. 2003) sowie der lexikalischen Relationen (Fellbaum 1998) zur Strukturierung des Wortschatzes. Verschiedene Aspekte der Erstellung, Präsentation und Nutzung des Kicktionary sind in Schmidt (2008, 2009 und 2010) dargestellt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag konzentriere ich mich auf die Frage, welche Datenmodelle und welche Datenformate zur Modellierung des Wortschatzes im Kicktionary zum Einsatz kamen. Zu diesem Zweck möchte ich einleitend zunächst mein Verständnis dieser drei Begriffe – Datenmodell, Datenformat und Modellierung – näher erläutern.
This paper formulates a proposal for standardising spoken language transcription, as practised in conversation analysis, sociolinguistics, dialectology and related fields, with the help of the TEI guidelines. Two areas relevant to standardisation are identified and discussed: first, the macro structure of transcriptions, as embodied in the data models and file formats of transcription tools such as ELAN, Praat or EXMARaLDA; second, the micro structure of transcriptions as embodied in transcription conventions such as CA, HIAT or GAT. A two-step process is described in which first the macro structure is represented in a generic TEI format based on elements defined in the P5 version of the Guidelines. In the second step, character data in this representation is parsed according to the regularities of a transcription convention resulting in a more fine-grained TEI markup which is also based on P5. It is argued that this two step process can, on the one hand, map idiosyncratic differences in tool formats and transcription conventions onto a unified representation. On the other hand, differences motivated by different theoretical decisions can be retained in a manner which still allows a common processing of data from different sources. In order to make the standard usable in practice, a conversion tool—TEI Drop—is presented which uses XSL transformations to carry out the conversion between different tool formats (CHAT, ELAN, EXMARaLDA, FOLKER and Transcriber) and the TEI representation of transcription macro structure (and vice versa) and which also provides methods for parsing the micro structure of transcriptions according to two different transcription conventions (HIAT and cGAT). Using this tool, transcribers can continue to work with software they are familiar with while still producing TEI-conformant transcription files. The paper concludes with a discussion of the work needed in order to establish the proposed standard. It is argued that both tool formats and the TEI guidelines are in a sufficiently mature state to serve as a basis for standardisation. Most work consequently remains in analysing and standardising differences between different transcription conventions.