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Elexiko is a lexicological-lexicographic, corpus-guided German Internet reference work (cf. www.elexiko.de). Compared to printed dictionaries, in elexiko, restrictions on space disappear. Specific comments on the use of a word do not need to be given in traditional abbreviated forms, like the so-called field labels or usage. In this paper, I will show its advantages for the description of the particular pragmatic characteristics of a word: I will argue that traditional labelling such as formal, informal, institutional, etc. cannot account for the comprehensive pragmatic dimension of a word and that these are not transparent, particularly for non-native speakers of German. The main focus of the paper will be on an alternative approach to this dictionary information-as suggested by elexiko. I will demonstrate how narrative, descriptive and user friendly notes can be formulated for the explanation of the discursive contextual embedding or tendencies of evaluative use. I will outline how lexicographers can derive such information from language data in an underlying corpus which was designed and compiled for specific lexicographic purposes. Both, the theoretical-conceptual ideas and their lexicographic realisation in elexiko will be explained and illustrated with the help of relevant dictionary entries.
The following paper is aimed to demonstrate that a grammar from above („Grammatik von oben“), i.e. a top-down grammar is better suited for the purposes of contrastive linguistic descriptions than the contrary approach, i.e. a bottom-up grammar. Furthermore, it will be argued that sentences should be understood and explained from a textual point of view.
Von der sprachlichen Oberfläche zum Muster. Zur qualitativen Interpretation syntagmatischer Profile
(2011)
This paper discusses a corpus-driven approach to the study of multi-word expressions (MWE) (in our terminology: Usuelle Wortverbindungen UWV). Our approach is based on collocation data and syntagmatic profiles. Several interpretative Steps lead from the language surface structure to MWE to more abstract multi-word patterns (MWP). MWP contain fixed components as well as slots, which are filled by elements with similar semantic or pragmatic characteristics. Like simple MWE, MWP can be considered units of the lexicon and patterns of language use with a holistic meaning and function. The formation of patterns, the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the fillers and the restrictions on usage cannot be described by rules or language competence alone, but require bottom-up analysis on the basis of very large Corpora.
The development of tools for computer-assisted transcription and analysis of extensive speech corpora is one main issue at the Institute of German Language (IDS) and the Institute of Natural Language Processing (IMS). Corpora of natural spoken dialogue have been transcribed, and the analogue recordings of these discourses are digitized. An automatic segmentation system is employed which is based on Hidden Markov Models. The orthographic representation of the speech signal is transformed into a phonetic representation, the phonetic transcription is transformed into a system-internal representation, and the time alignment between text and speech signal follows. In this article, we also describe the retrieval software Cosmas II and its special features for searching discourse transcripts and playing time aligned passages.
Von deutschen Satzbauplänen
(1974)