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Ein Defizit der lexikographischen Methodologie liegt in der fehlenden Berücksichtigung der historischen, sozialen und politischen Gebundenheit von Wörterbüchern vor, obwohl die Wörterbuchkritik seit dem 19. Jh. immer wieder darauf aufmerksam gemacht hat. In der Perspektive der Benutzer besitzen Wörterbücher eine aspektenreiche kulturelle Semiotik, die mit dem hermeneutischen Charakter lexikologisch-lexikographischen Arbeitens zusammenhängt. Ausgehend vom Modell der Hermeneutik wird dafür plädiert, »Verstehenskompetenz« anstelle von »Sprachkompetenz« (des Linguisten) als Kategorie in die Theorie der Lexikographie einzuführen.
This paper describes the lexical database tool LOLA (Linguistic-Oriented Lexical database Approach) which has been developed for the construction and maintenance of lexicons for the machine translation system LMT. First, the requirements such a tool should meet are discussed, then LMT and the lexical information it requires, and some issues concerning vocabulary acquisition are presented. Afterwards the architecture and the components of the LOLA system are described and it is shown how we tried to meet the requirements worked out earlier. Although LOLA originally has been designed and implemented for the German-English LMT prototype, it aimed from the beginning at a representation of lexical data that can be reused for other LMT or MT prototypes or even other NLP applications. A special point of discussion will therefore be the adaptability of the tool and its components as well as the reusability of the lexical data stored in the database for the lexicon development for LMT or for other applications.
In this paper we present a new approach to lexicographical design for the description of German speech act verbs. This approach is based on an action-theoretical semantic conception. The several conditions for linguistic action provide the basis for the elaboration of the central semantic features. The systematic relationship of these features is reflected in the organization of a lexical database which allows various possibilities of access to different types of lexical information.
In the following paper we shall give an outline of the semantic framework for describing speech act verbs, i. e. verbs of communication, with the practical goal of a semantical database for a (dictionary of) synonymy of German speech act verbs which enables the user not only to find a list of synonymous verbs but also enables him to gain an insight into the semantic relations between the words.
The semantic framework is based on
(i) a set of conditions for performing speech acts as the relevant domain of reference
(ii) the introduction of a notion of situation, or better type of situation
The performative as well as the descriptive use of the verbs can be reduced to their fundamental dependency on the situations in which they are used: on the one hand with regard to the possibility of the action itself, and on the other hand with regard to the possibility of their designation. For both ways of use the relevant aspects of the situation constitute the necessary conditions.
Sowohl bei der Entwicklung konventioneller Software als auch bei der Entwicklung wissensbasierter Systeme fehlen z.Z. systematische Ansätze, Anforderungen an das zu entwickelnde Produkt „ingenieurmäßig“ zu erheben. Die Probleme, mit denen sich der Software Engineer konfrontiert sieht, ähneln denen der Wissensakquisition im Knowledge Engineering. Der an der Universität Karlsruhe am Institut AIFB entwickelte Ansatz MIKE ([AFL93]) beschreibt eine systematische Vorgehensweise zur Entwicklung wissensbasierter Systeme. Die Beschreibung der spezifischen Anforderungen an wissensbasierte Systeme ist Gegenstand der aktuellen Forschung; mit MIKE steht aber bereits das Gerüst zur Verfügung, mit denen die Anforderungen im Laufe der weiteren Entwicklungsphasen verwaltet werden können.
As can be shown for English data, the assimilation of the alveolar stop can result from an increased gestural overlap of the following oral closure gesture. Our experiment with German synthetic speech showed similar results. Further, it suggests that it is neccessary to complete the gestural specification of the glottal state. A voiced stop should be represented not only by an oral gesture, but by a glottal one as well.