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Adjektiv oder Präposition? Das Kategorisierungsproblem in sprachvergleichender Perspektive

  • In German there are about twenty-five elements (like gemäß, nahe, voll) that seem to be used as a preposition along with their use as an adjective. In former approaches the preposition is interpreted as the product of grammaticalizing (and/or reanalyzing) the adjective. It is argued that the two criteria these approaches rely on, namely change of linear position and change of case government, are insufficient. In this paper, seven criteria for distinguishing adjectives form prepositions in German are put forward. What is most important is that these criteria have to be evaluated on the token level as well as on the level of type and word class/syntactic category. It can be shown that the individual ‘adjective-prepositions' as types possess a specific mixture of adjective-like and preposition-like features. On the token level, occurring as part of a postnominal restrictive attribute is indicative for preposition-like status in German. The comparison of German with English and Italian adjective-prepositions (like near, far, due and vicino, lontano) reveals a lot of differences, which counts as evidence for the language-specific nature of word classes. Nevertheless, Lehmanns functional-typological approach uncovers a fundamental functional similarity between complement governing adjectives and prepositions: the primary function of the phrases, i.e., adjective/preposition + complement, is to modify a nominal or a verbal concept, respectively. This insight explains why adjective-prepositions can be found cross-linguistically. The question whether we should propose one type or two types for gemäß and its cognates is of minor importance only.

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Metadaten
Author:Gisela ZifonunGND
URN:urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-66389
ISBN:978-3-95809-511-3
Parent Title (German):Probleme der syntaktischen Kategorisierung. Einzelgänger, Außenseiter und mehr
Series (Serial Number):Stauffenburg Linguistik (90)
Publisher:Stauffenburg
Place of publication:Tübingen
Editor:Sandra Döring, Jochen Geilfuß-Wolfgang
Document Type:Part of a Book
Language:German
Year of first Publication:2017
Date of Publication (online):2017/11/02
Publicationstate:Veröffentlichungsversion
Reviewstate:(Verlags)-Lektorat
GND Keyword:Adjektiv; Adposition; Deutsch; Grammatische Kategorie; Präposition
First Page:139
Last Page:192
DDC classes:400 Sprache / 430 Deutsch
Open Access?:ja
BDSL-Classification:Grammatik
Linguistics-Classification:Grammatikforschung
Licence (German):License LogoUrheberrechtlich geschützt