@article{KrysVauclairCapaldietal.2019,
  author    = {Kuba Krys and Christin-Melanie Vauclair and Colin A. Capaldi and Vivian Miu-Chi Lun and Michael Harris Bond and Alejandra Dom{\´i}nguez-Espinosa and Claudio Torres and Ottmar V. Lipp and L. Sam S. Manickam and Cai Xing and Radka Antal{\´i}kova and Vassilis Pavlopoulos and Julien Teyssier and Taekyun Hur and Karolina Hansen and Piotr Szarota and Ramadan A. Ahmed and Eleonora Burtceva and Ana Chkhaidze and Enila Cenko and Patrick Denoux and M{\´a}rta F{\"u}l{\"o}p and Arif Hassan and David O. Igbokwe and İdil Işık and Gwatirera Javangwe and Mar{\´i}a Malbran and Fridanna Maricchiolo and Hera Mikarsa and Lynden K. Miles and Martin Nader and Joonha Park and Muhammad Rizwan and Radwa Salem and Beate Schwarz and Irfana Shah and Chien-Ru Sun and Wijnand van Tilburg and Wolfgang Wagner and Ryan Wise and Angela Arriola Yu},
  title     = {Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals},
  series   = {Journal of Nonverbal Behavior},
  volume    = {40},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer US},
  address   = {New York [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1573-3653},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10919-015-0226-4},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-90150},
  pages     = {101 -- 116},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.},
  language  = {en}
}