@article{TomaschekArnoldSeringetal.2023,
  author    = {Fabian Tomaschek and Denis Arnold and Konstantin Sering and Benjamin V. Tucker and Jacoline van Rij and Michael Ramscar},
  title     = {Articulatory variability is reduced by repetition and predictability},
  series   = {Language and speech},
  volume    = {64},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Sage Publications},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
  issn      = {1756-6053},
  doi       = {10.1177/0023830920948552},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-115446},
  pages     = {654 -- 680},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Repeating the movements associated with activities such as drawing or sports typically leads to improvements in kinematic behavior: these movements become faster, smoother, and exhibit less variation. Likewise, practice has also been shown to lead to faster and smoother movement trajectories in speech articulation. However, little is known about its effect on articulatory variability. To address this, we investigate the extent to which repetition and predictability influence the articulation of the frequent German word “sie” [zi] (they). We find that articulatory variability is proportional to speaking rate and the duration of [zi], and that overall variability decreases as [zi] is repeated during the experiment. Lower variability is also observed as the conditional probability of [zi] increases, and the greatest reduction in variability occurs during the execution of the vocalic target of [i]. These results indicate that practice can produce observable differences in the articulation of even the most common gestures used in speech.},
  language  = {en}
}