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Some 25 years ago, a large-scale repatriation of Russian Germans began. As a result, more than 2,5 million people that grew up in the USSR, Russia, or other post-Soviet states, became German citizens who had native or near-native command of the Russian language. The uncomfortable differences they exhibited in comparison to those who were supposed to accept them as equals, yet failed to do so, compelled them to search for self-designations that would accommodate their new identity and to bond together to form a new minority. The authors examine the attempts of Soviet/Russian Germans to redefine their ethnic identity in terms of not just blood but also language and culture, focusing on two particular cases: the use of the name Rusak in the internet forums of the repatriated immigrants; and the linguistic-cultural practices of the older generation of immigrants.
This study investigates the interrelations between bilingual development (German/Russian), immigration and integration in the host society. Participants are Russian-Germans, that is, ethnic Germans who have repatriated to Germany from the former Soviet Union. They were part of a longitudinal study dedicated to the integration of multi-generation Russian-German families in Germany. The paper focuses on eight Russian-Germans who moved to Germany between the ages of five and eight and are now young adults. The analysis is based on interviews conducted in the twentieth year of their life in Germany in German and Russian, A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the main stages of integration, the use of the languages, the attitudes towards German and Russian, and an assessment of the current situation. The obtained data were used to make an initial assessment of the oral language competencies of the participants and as sources of information about the objective facts and subjective attitudes that determined linguistic and social integration.
Seit Jahrhunderten gab es und gibt es im russländischen Reich, in der Sowjetunion und im postsowjetischen Raum Menschen, deren Leben dadurch charakterisiert ist, dass in ihm die deutsche und die russische Sprache und die damit verbundenen Traditionen eng verflochten sind (vgl. Stricker (Hg.) 1997). Mit der Bezeichnung ,Russlanddeutsche‘ beziehen wir uns in diesem Beitrag nur auf diejenigen unter ihnen, deren Vorfahren auf Einladung russischer Zaren aus deutschsprachigen Regionen nach Russland übersiedelten, um dort dünn besiedelte Landstriche zu erschließen und zu kultivieren - deutsch-sprachige Menschen in der Kolonisten-Tradition (vgl. Ditc 1997).
The paper (1) starts from the general understanding of children’s development gained by interdisciplinary endeavours during the last decades, (2) characterises the functional-pragmatic conception of language and language acquisition as opposed to conceptions of language as an isolated system and of language acquisition as an independent module of development, (3) describes forms of language acquisition and language mediation.
The paper (1) starts from the general understanding of children’s development gained by interdisciplinary endeavours during the last decades, (2) characterises the functional-pragmatic conception of language and language acquisition as opposed to conceptions of language as an isolated system and of language acquisition as an independent module of development, (3) describes forms of language acquisition and language mediation.
Das Korpus „Gespräche im Kindergarten“, das wir hiermit der Öffentlichkeit vorlegen, wurde in den Jahren 1980-1983 in einem Kindergarten des Ostberliner Stadtbezirks Prenzlauer Berg erhoben. Die damals drei- bis sechsjährigen Gesprächsteilnehmer sind inzwischen längst erwachsen und, so ist zu wünschen, ihrerseits Mutter oder Vater geworden. Die Dokumentation ihrer sprachlich-kommunikativen Aktivitäten im Kindergarten durch dieses Korpus ist dadurch nicht entwertet. Das Korpus gestattet, die sprachlich-kommunikative Entwicklung von Kindern mit Deutsch als Erstsprache für den gewählten Ausschnitt aus der Ontogenese in groben Linien nachzuzeichnen und zu erörtern, welchen Anteil die spezifischen Interaktionserfahrungen der Kinder in dem von ihnen besuchten Kindergarten an ihrer sprachlich-kommunikativen Entwicklung hatten.
In spring 2002, we celebrated the inauguration of the first German-Russian-Jewish kindergarten in Berlin. Nowadays, there are seven bilingual German-Russian kindergartens with 4 60 places and 78 bilingual kindergartens with other combinations of languages [SENBWF]. Maybe it is not enough, taking into account the large proportion o f immigrants in the population of Berlin1. And yet, much progress has been achieved, endorsing the fact that German society has begun to change its attitude towards other languages on its territory. The initial request for German monolingualism first changed into societal tolerance of multilingualism and eventually to the recognition o f the value of multilingualism. This process is a very slow one, and it is not yet complete. In my article, I would like to look at the development in the last few years of the political framework that has made possible, on the one hand, the opening of bilingual kindergartens in Berlin, and on the other hand, to consider what has hampered this process until now. I would like to emphasise three most important political spheres: linguistic, educational and integrational.